A dollar a day language analysis Essay

Recently, in the Daily Telegraph Angus McDonald wrote an opinion piece about how Indian children are being exploited for cheap labour and how the government is not dealing with the problem as Angus believes they are accountable for the responsibility. This issue has recently blown up in the media, due to the recent information about the average day of a child labour living in India. Angus McDonald uses emotive language, logical evidence, case studies , appeals to a sense of justice and a photograph, along with an alarmist tone to convey the message that the government need to step up and stop child labour. Angus McDonald uses emotive language to make the reader empathise with the child labourers. McDonald uses a highly descriptive language to convey how Manu (the featured child labourer) lives his life and uses this to create a symbol or generalisation that all Indian Child labourers spend their days the same as Manu. The writer also uses emotive language in conjunction with a highly descriptive writing style to show the vast span between Manu and his products. Angus uses his emotive language to forward the premise of hypocrisy between that of Manu, an underpaid child labourer, and the expensive garments he makes. This makes the reader feel sincere empathy for Manu and all child labourers like him. This empathy that we feel while reading Manu’s story makes us yearn for a better future for Manu. This is the point in the article that Angus mentions how the police are combating the situation. McDonald mentions that they are trying but they are only getting â€Å"the tip of the iceberg†. This phrase makes us believe the government is not doing enough to help Manu and the rest of the child labourers, and therefore directly links to McDonald’s contention about how Indian child labourers are being exploited and government is not doing enough to stop this crime against humanity. The use of logical evidence and case studies within Angus McDonald’s â€Å"A Dollar a Day† essay, provokes the reader into believing that Angus McDonald is highly educated on the matter and that we should agree with him. The use of his case study of Manu gives the issue a small scope on the problem but  as we read through the article, Angus McDonald zooms out and looks at the broader topic. This small scope case study shows us the problem at its roots, then when Angus zooms out and shows us the broader issue of the government not controlling child labour problems efficiently, we feel informed of the matter and connecting to the whole issue because of this case study. The alarmist tone pulls information together nicely with the case study as it gives a real sense of urgency to the issue and this makes the reader side with the writer almost instantly. Angus McDonald uses logical evidence and case studies to push forward that Indian child labourers are being exploited an d the government need to be doing more to help. The writer uses the appeal to sense of justice language device, to arouse anger at the people taking advantage of these children and to make the reader feel as though the Justice Department of India are doing an inadequate job. Angus McDonald goes out of his way to make the criminals mentioned in his article look even worse then what they are. He uses the criminal’s mistreatment of the children to evoke a sense of injustice in the reader by writing sentences such as â€Å"a life of servitude† and â€Å"[a child’s] living nightmare†. These phrases make the reader feel great anger towards the criminals, but just as the readers are most enraged Angus McDonald turns the tables and explains that the criminals are bad but it’s the Justice Departments lack of input that has caused this problem to be so severe. This turns the reader’s anger towards the Justice Department and therefore siding with Angus McDonald’s contention. The writer’ s use of sense of justice helps him manipulate the reader into believing the government should be doing more to stop Indian child labour. Presented to us first in this issue is the picture of a child we are led to believe is Manu. This picture gives a face to our case study. This gives impact to the reader as now we have a much more emotional connection to Manu. This image is linked to the first couple of paragraphs where Manu’s life is described. Once again this makes the issue seem more real and makes the article more impacting. The actual picture is well done as it gives a good contrast between the blue garment and the dirty workshop and the poor  child. It shows the actual society contrast between Manu and the people who buy his clothes. The image is also sloped downwards as though we are looking down upon Manu, meaning pity or guilt. The image used in this piece is a strong device to link the issue to a visual and give it depth into the life of Manu. Throughout Angus McDonald’s piece he explains that Indian children are being exploited as child labour and the government is not doing enough to stop the issue. Angus McDonald uses emotive language, case studies, logical evidence, appeal to a sense of justice and an image to reinforce his opinion that to help children in India the government must do more.

Domestic Contract on International Laws and Customs Essay

Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary In January 2007, CadMex developed a technique for the quick manufacture of some medical agent. Gentura also developed a technique called ProPrez, which is an anti-diabetic agent. Gentura is located in Candore, which is a dictatorship. CadMex decided to go into business with Gentura that would give them global marketing right to ProPez. The contract needs to have measures in place to protect CadMex interest concerning property rights and potential dispute. There are issues that are involved in resolving legal actions against a foreign business. One issue that is involved is the legal system. When dealing with a case, they may want to finish the case quickly rather than handling it with quality. Doing so may lead to evidence not being analyzed. Another issue may be the different laws between the two countries. Not having any written documents may also be another issue if contracts are done over the phone. Some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business based in another country are whether they have patent law and trademark laws. Factors that could work against CadMex decision to grant sublicensing agreements would be the lack of patent rights and the fact that they did not go through the proper court process in Candore. When local customs and laws conflict with customs and laws of an organization, operating abroad the local law and customs should prevail because that is where the contract was based. The host country should have manufactures rights. For example if the United States and China goes into a contract in regards to Chinese traditional attire and there is a dispute, the Chinese should win because it is a part of their tradition and the United States assumed the risk. The issues in the simulation compares to the issues discussed in week one in terms of law, ethics, and different ways to dispute, as well as litigations. Companies should resolve domestic and international issues differently by honoring domestic and international laws and customs. Before entering into contracts both parties must agree to all the terms and ensure that the country’s legal system support those terms. Domestic contracts should be written and be on an individual basis. International contracts need to be translated if necessary and should include patent laws where possible. References Contemporary Business Law 1. (2011). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu//aapd/vendors/tata/UBAMSims/business_law1/intl_legal_etical/business_law1_intl_legal_ethical_frame.html Melvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business: A managerial approach: Theory to practice. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Benefits And Drawbacks of Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Benefits And Drawbacks of Market - Essay Example This paper stresses that the information the company is looking for is not present anywhere – Internet, library, databases and so on. If it happens, there is the need to conduct the specific primary research. Primary research activities include conducting the surveys to create the information, first hand observations, experiments. Each methodology uses sampling – making conclusions about the particular group of people with certain degree of accuracy. The samples does not need to be of a large size is often enough and can provide highly reliable results if analyzed by experienced researchers. When conducting primary research two types of information can be gained – exploratory and specific. Exploratory research is more applicable to the new products because it is open ended and helps to define the specific problem though unstructured interviews from the small group of people. This essay is broader and is used to solve the existing problem identified through second ary research. This reprot makes a conclusion that when conducting the mail surveys the costs are associated with printing of questionnaires and time taken to analyse the responses. When choosing telephone surveys the company should be ready to pay for phone charges, interviewer’s time and presentation of the results. Personal interviews have the same costs plus payment to interviewee. Group discussion is the most expensive because the payment needs to be done both to interviewer and the group members.

Report for Sustainable Global Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report for Sustainable Global Enterprise - Essay Example This is because it operates in an industry that is rapidly evolving and is therefore highly competitive. In such a field, it is a difficult task to maintain a sustainable global enterprise. It has therefore been essential for the company to review policies so that it can be able to cope with the changes in the industry and at the same time maintain its position in the competitive environment (Britishairways.com). The last quarter of the 20th century has seen a whole lot of changes being experienced in the transport sector. These changes have contributed to a number of issues that are being experienced in the aviation transport industry today (Kamarth & Tornquist, 2004, p23). The industry is having challenges from different fields such social, environmental and technological technicalities. The social issues that are facing the industry are many. One of the social issues is the financial crisis which caught the industry by its neck. The financial crisis makes prices to keep fluctuating and therefore players in the industry can never be sure of the outcome of a financial year. In 1997, there was the Asian financial crisis which affected the industry considering that Asia was an emerging market for companies in the industry. 2009 was one of the least profitable years because the economic crisis in the world had hit very hard (Belobaba, Odoni, & Barnhart, 2009, p41). The financial crisis is a macro-economic instability that is facing the industry. Another macro-economic instability that is facing the aviation transport industry is terrorism. This issue was a result of the 9/11 bombing in 2001. Ever since then, the industry has been under immense pressure from the public to tighten security and ensure

The five forces analysis for Morrisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The five forces analysis for Morrisons - Essay Example This research will begin with the description of bargaining power of buyers. Buyers have fairly strong bargaining power because they have a vast range of choices.   Prices are highly competitive so buyers can easily switch to other brands without any loss. The cost of switching is particularly low for products that are standardized and offer little differentiating features. Around 94% of the customers have a choice of at least three supermarkets at their disposal within a time frame of 15 minutes. Suppliers in this sector have fairly weak bargaining power due to strong brand presence of supermarkets. Suppliers fear the risk of losing their contracts with the large supermarkets, including Morrisons. Therefore, it is an easy task for such retailers to lock in suppliers at low costs. Furthermore, the industry is fragmented and retailers find themselves doing the role of middlemen and manage to rack up huge profits. Stores in convenience market may be substitutes; however, ever since t he retail stores have diversified into the convenience sector this threat is decreasing. There has been growing protest towards the use of hormonal or genetically modified products over the last few years. It is estimated that the market for organic foods in U.K is worth  £2 billion and is expected to grow in coming years. Hence, convenience stores as well as shops selling organic food may be potential substitutes but this risk is mitigated when large supermarkets buy these out. Morrisons, however, does not have any plan in expanding into this sector. Food experts such as butchers may also be substitutes; however, due to the ease of shopping and greater variety of grocery sector, this threat too is diminishing (Don Edwards & Associates Ltd., 2007). Overall, the threat of substitutes is fairly large for non-food offerings and fairly low for food offerings. 4. Competitive Rivalry Competition remains intense with the top 3 players including Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury’s. Me-too strategies have been widely adopted, such as that of Asda’s low price range strategy ( (Don Edwards & Associates Ltd., 2007). There is evidence of price wars between the top 4 players. Rivalry in the U.K supermarkets industry remains high although the industry itself is not growing. The U.K supermarkets industry is at the maturity stage of its lifecycle, growing at a rate far less than that of GDP and aggregate spending (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). Fixed costs of this industry are high which can be potential barriers to entry of new firms (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). Barriers to entry are potentially high with small retailers unable to compete. , unlike its three larger rivals Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, Morrison’s does not have an internet home shopping business (Zentes et al., 2007). This could put the company on the backburner as e-commerce is an ever-growing business as it gives greater convenience to customers along with a potential to tap international mar kets. Also it does not have a loyalty card scheme such as Club card which Tesco has uses to track consumer trends and offer lapsing customers discounts (Thompson & Martin, 2010). Loyalty cards keep the regular customers coming back in that they use it to trace customer’s demographic profile which can go a long way in targeting the right products in advertising. Furthermore, by offering discounts the company has the opportunity to induce repeat purchases from its customers. Furthermore, unlike Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, Morrison’s does not have a meaningful non-food offer (Thompson & Martin, 2010) . The company does not have enough diversification at present. Greater variety of products (non-food

Organisations and Behaviour assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organisations and Behaviour - Assignment Example Communication generally occurs at the immediate level. A traditional hierarchical structure is more favourable for smaller organisations. The organisations having less number of employees can be controlled and proper flow of communication can be maintained with a top down organisation approach. This is helpful in enforcing power and command over the organisation. However, with the rise in globalisation and technological advancements, organisations began to downsize and started to use technology instead. In the present business environment, a strict top down approach of hierarchal organisational structure is tough to follow. Since every department is branching out into many sub divisions and vertical as well as horizontal branches, cross communication has seen an enormous rise. Thus looking at the present scenario, a hierarchal organisational structure will lead to a lack in communication and the resultant organisational will be more bureaucratic in nature. Apart from this, another ma jor disadvantage of this structure is that it does not encourage employees to collaborate, share ideas and information. Sometimes employees develop cliches and it may also result in fierce competition for power within departments. This decreases the motivation level of employees. Hawk Company was following taylorist methods of production. A taylorist method can be characterized as a production process in which every action or task is broken down into smaller segments with the objective of monitoring and correcting any action. This can be regarded as a rigorous method of production where each and every action is flowed by strict monitoring. A taylorist approach can be accompanied by many methods of organisational structure. These can be bureaucratic, hierarchal or specialised structure. In the bureaucratic, structure, strict rules and regulations are followed and procedures are delegated in order to achieve compliance and control of subordinated from those who give orders. The second one is hierarchical in which decision makers are separated from employees who implement. Traditional methods of taylorism are highly dysfunctional and lead decrease in motivation of employees and workers. From the above two theories, it is very evident that the arising issues and complications from the traditional methods of organisational structure and production process lead to the subsequent changes, which were implemented in the organisation. It is evident from the case that the work process in the manufacturing unit was boring and repetitive and workers were losing interest in the process. The organisational structure was hierarchal as well as bureaucratic because of which, the workers had a very little say in the decision making process. The technology used in the manufacturing unit was mostly basic and traditional because of which workers are highly dissatisfied. This had also resulted in high amount of absenteeism and difficulty in recruitment. Looking at the problems and i ssues, the management decided to consult with the workers and staff. With the help of workers and employee feedback, many changes were made. The first change was made on the workshop and the factory. Old and traditional machinery were replaced by new and more advanced equipments. Special training was also provided to the workers for making them acquainted with the latest machinery. The assembly lines of workers were changed from single task workers to teams, where a team will be

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Review - Essay Example In these chapters, Campbell shows how slaves arrived in Texas, whose population increased from around 5,000 to over 160,000, thereby composing over 30 percent of the region’s population by 1860. In the other parts of the book, Campbell provides a survey examining the standpoints of the slave owners, and the economic conditions, life, and culture of the slaves. Through this, Campbell demonstrates his grasp and understanding of a wide array of sources, and utilizes 181 slave narratives from the Federal Writers Project interviews, which he uses in a quantitative analysis. There are several extensive studies on the thirteen out of the fifteen states that allowed slavery during that era. Texas is one of the two states that lack relevant research on this topic. Campbell sees this issue and decides to resolve it by producing this empirical work that uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods to that explains five fundamental topics: 1) the development and escalation of s lavery; 2) the psychological and physical conditions of slavery; 3) impact of slavery to slave owners either individually or collectively; 4) legal and economic functions of slavery; and, 5) effect of Civil War to slavery. Campbell presents a few statements regarding the uniqueness of the conditions of slavery in Texas. For one, since Texas was originally within Mexico’s jurisdiction, and since Mexico is opposed to slavery, this situation created a group of black people who were considered bondsmen for a year less than a century. These blacks were neither slaves nor free people. Similarly, freed slaves who remained in Texas were viewed as neither citizens nor property. However, chapter 4 of the book suggests that the slavery economics in Texas is similar to those in the other southern states. Campbell explores this concept as well in other chapters as he tackles the slaves’ work conditions in chapter 6, and treatment and material situation in chapter 7. This book leans toward portraying that despite a few distinctions, the conditions of slavery in Texas do not differ from the other states, making it a good source of information about history, but not too much on slavery. Evaluation of Sources The book showcases 15 tables, 9 maps, and 4 appendices that provide vital data mostly on the geographic growth and economic nature of slavery. It also contains a massive bibliography regarding slavery in Texas. It is striking how the author utilizes a wide array of sources to complete the book. He uses the qualitative research method to present sources gathered from court and plantation records, contemporary newspapers, census, diaries, and letters. These sources provide insights on the concepts of protecting the society from slaves and protecting the slavery institution. He also uses the quantitative research approach to present sources gathered from narratives of former slaves, probate inventories, tax records, and government consensus. The narratives cons ist of 181 stories told by former slaves that depicts their feelings and views on the â€Å"peculiar institution.† He took the common data among the narratives and turned

Boxing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Boxing - Essay Example The traditional 'good old English method of deciding a quarrel' had always been to punch one another with bareknuckles, and the English despised the French method of using the feet for kicking, considering it to be unmanly, foreign and cowardly (Savate, 2005). This loathing for kickboxing, or savate, helped boxing to maintain its stronghold in Europe. The individual known as "the Father of Boxing" Jack Boughton, assisted in that growth by developing the first set of rules for the sport. He published those rules in 1743. His rules held sway until 1865 when the Queensbury Rules were written publicized. The Queensbury Rules were created by John Douglass who was the Eighth Marques of Queensbury. He was the person who introduced the three-minute round and the use of regulated boxing gloves. 4. If either participant falls, he must get up unassisted, and is given ten seconds to do so. The other participant must return to his corner while the fallen man attempts to rise. When the fallen man is on his legs, the round is to be resumed until the three minutes has lapsed. If the man does not rise in the ten seconds allowed, the referee awards the win to the other man. 7. 5. A man hanging on the ropes with his toes off the ground is considered down. 6. No seconds in the ring during the round. 7. Should the contest be stopped by any unavoidable interference, the referee names the time and place to finish as soon as possible, so that the match can be won or lost, unless the backers agree to a draw. 8. The gloves are to be fair-sized, new and of the best quality. 9. Should a glove burst or come off, it must be replaced to the referee's satisfaction. 10. A man on one knee is considered down, and if struck is entitled to the stakes. 11. No shoes or boots with springs allowed. 12. The contest is to be governed in all other respects by the revised rules of the London Prize Ring. (Queensbury Rules, 2003)Most experts agree that these rules came into existence primarily due to the 'rough' nature of the sport and the 'fight to the death' mentality. Boxing/pg 3 Joyce Carol Oates, author of On Boxing says; "How can you enjoy so brutal a sport, people sometimes ask me" (Oates, 1987, pg 4). This question has been asked since the sport's beginning and is a question asked many times by those opponents of boxing who advocate a ban on the sport. Oates continues by answering the question in the following manner; "Life is like boxing in many unsettling respects. But boxing is only like boxing" (Oates, 1987, pg 4). Is that the answer to this sport's popularity or is it just part of the complexity of the sport, its participants and its fans There are just as many individuals who advocate continuing the sport as there are opponents to the sport. Each side of a boxing ban espouses good points and each side seems to be ardent in making those points known. This fervency makes for an interesting debate in the matter of a boxing ban.Two such prominent individuals are Dr Adrian Whiteson and Vivienne Nathanson. Dr Whiteson is the Chief Medical Officer for

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example With the advances in knowledge and technology in the past few decades, more companies are resorting to digitalization of their systems and services. Employees who are able to understand the new systems quickly are maintained while the rest are laid off or relocated. This paper seeks to review the current trend of integrating learning and development into a wider strategy in organizations in the United States. Introduction There have been several trends that have emerged recently in the training and development of employees in various institutions and organizations in the United States. Innovative training technologies have been utilized in some major companies to educate and train their workers, while ensuring they are accountable for the required programs they are supposed to undertake. In human resources, departments which are tasked with recruitment, hiring, and catering for career developments of employees (Bones, 2006), require training programs to address issues among their emp loyees such as performance, behavior or conduct issues. Human resources training and development enhances communication in the workplace and it improves the performance and overall morale of workers. This gives the company a great and continuous advantage to their competitors. A training program thus entails assessing the need that an organization has, designing the necessary material to address the need, developing relevant training exercises and presentations and implementing the program with an evaluation of the results for success. Literature Review The emergence of change and advancement of technology and expectation have led to many challenges to organizations around the globe and major trends in the organizations in the United States have been adopted such as the hiring and employment trend (Bones, 2006). Due to small company budgets, managers are resorting to cheap labor by opting to employ non graduates over graduates. They are reducing the amount of human labor in their co mpanies and implementing digital systems to offer services to their clients more efficiently. Several factors determine the decision by managers to resort to these trends in an organization such as the cost implications of a training program, the ineffectiveness of initial training programs and lack of commitment of employees among others. The role of line managers in coaching and development In many organizations, the training and development activities are increasingly declining due to the high cost of training programs. This decrease could be reflected due to small training budgets or no faith in the value that training employees bring to the organization. If the management of an organization invests in a training program and the results of the program have little or no success on the intended business benefits then they would be hesitant to implement the program a second time. Organizations that are small and have a small number of employees are more likely to lag behind on trai ning the workers probably due to budget constraints. Managements in these organizations opt to minimize on human labor or they employ people with minimal skills to save on salary costs. They pay more attention on equipping the managers who the business depend on to lead it more effectively and focus less on coaching the other employees. Organizations with a high number of employees, more than ten thousand, and charitable organizations are also more likely to lag

Culture’s will to copy Essay Example for Free

Culture’s will to copy Essay Globalization process is viewed as a means through which one can ratify often in extremely idealized form a account of oneself or culture that is observed as old or even origin but can lastly be realized: through these new means, one can become what one thinks one actually is (even if one never was). What might be trait of the Internet is that this ‘realization’ is certainly ‘expansive’. Globalization process has an emancipator technology ‘Internet’ that is indefensible as the structural design of the technology harbors an instinctive class prejudice and other shades of power entitlements. Computers are intended and programmed by members of the elite culture and might imitate their cultural orientations and biases. For example, the wordsmith and semantic skills requisite to functions computers do not put up the cultural orientations of several marginal electorates. As Laikwan Pang, Cultural Control in journal said, â€Å"Culture’s will to copy [is] fuelled by the globalization process, which drives’ the world to desire similar but different products, to acquire similar but different tastes†. (Laikwan Pang, Cultural Control, p8). Globalization is as well redefining societies and restructuring society into new forms of social networks. New standards and terms for private and proficient relationships are promising (Buck 1996; Gates 1995; Baym 1995). The London Times (June 17, 1996) stated: People in every kinds of career categories need to recognize how to use this tool so as to get ahead starting now. Admittance to the information freeway might establish to be less a question of dispensation or position than one of the fundamental capability to function in a democratic society. Admittance to the cyberspace might very well establish how well people are knowledgeable, the type of job they ultimately get, and how they are retrained if they mislay their job, how much access they have to their government and how they will be taught about important issues concerning them and the country. (Ratan 1995: 25) Moreover, global media is not repressed by the intrinsic biases apparent in sexism, racism, and classism establish in face-to-face encounters. As a substitute, the global media presents a discussion that supports broad partaking and underlines merit over class. Practical communities permit secluded individuals to converse in a manner that protects them from the social prospect and sanctions linked with physically distinct communities (Turtle 1995). Virtual societies are unified and significant social aggregations that permit people to take on in adequate relations to form personal and group relations (Rheingold 1993). Global media represents Hollywood that spins around the analysis of Hollywoods division of labor, what the authors call the New International Division of Cultural Labor (NICL). This division of labor is certainly international because U. S. film exports have reached $11 billion, and Hollywoods proportion of the world market is double what it was in 1990 (Miller et al. , 2001, pp. 4-5). Global sales have become so significant that in 2001 the studios take apart their international offices to run all global distribution from their headquarters. The authors argue that Hollywoods command of the NICL distinguishes Hollywood from other industries that are increasingly globalizing. The entire book focuses on answering this question: Is Hollywood really giving the people of the world what they want, or does it operate via a brutal form of monopoly-capitalist business practice? (p. 15). Global Hollywood maintains that Hollywoods global authority is due to the clout of its allocation, legal, and economic structures, as opposed to a combination of advantages resultant from the diversity of its domestic audience and its narrative transparency. As this argument has been frequently made by proponents of the cultural imperialism thesis, Miller and his colleagues take a fresh approach that focuses on what they call occasionality (p. 13), which is defined as the specific `uptake of a text by a community (p. 177). Amongst other innovations, the authors focus on the role of audience, and on the idea of rights, while bringing the significant issue of cultural hybridist to political economic analysis. In the short space of twenty five years somewhat which started as US defense inventiveness has developed into the major communications means for the academic and investigates community and most newly has prolonged into a main business tool for the marketable sector. The Internet has developed throughout this period from being a vigorous and effectual way of exchanging information to offering a delivery means for immense amounts of multimedia information to a global audience. While individuals began to use the global media for worldwide communication, its profound effect on how we treat information transfer, organization, and development could not have been anticipated. Internet communication applications permit rapid and simple copy, revision, and transfer of information in textual, visual, and auditory forms. Though the assortments of participants who access it do not all the time agree on whether information must be cosseted or shared, the majority of the Internet community uses, copies, and transfers the information there without restraint. The Internet is a medium for activating ideological consideration; World Wide Web (Web) documents holding multiple links to diverse authors sites as well as e-mail posts restraining various writers materials reify the theory that knowledge is raised from numerous sources. But commercial units that use the Internet to promote products and spend in the materials that they load to the Web desire to keep their digitized materials from copy, revision, and transfer. The corporal operation of the Internet forms a forum where oppositional views concerning control of information collide. The extreme nature of the Internet supports a clash between the constructionist ideology that symbolizes the academic humanist community and the Romantic beliefs that symbolizes traditional legal community. This junction amongst humanistic studies, the intellectual property law, and the Internet, joined with their attendant communities, engenders conflicts in thought and exploit and offers a generous basis from which to investigate intellectual property and information control. Though participants in humanist, legal, and global media communities retain varied ideological beliefs and goals, their common interests meet in forming and treating communicative terms, whether textual, digital, or auditory. More significant, these communities of participants, communally, through socially raised ideologies, contribute in creating approaches toward authorship, possession, and property, and eventually, in generating the power to form and manage knowledge. The dealings amongst these areas can be viewed practically and hypothetically. Globalization, therefore, can tell us diverse stories of the nation state, developing it are relationally and challenged internal and external boundaries. There would be few people concerned in globalization who would, as Green (1997:157) seems to propose, believe that ‘the nation state was disappearing’, even if it’s taken-for-granted status comes to be issued and attempts at self-reproduction become increasingly transparent. The spatial-temporal location of the nation-state is itself brought to the fore by globalization. Globalization is frequently taken to have a single course or logic that results in an augmented uniformity transversely the globe. However, despite the influential effects of international capital and international media corporations, this is not sustainable and is not the stance adopted here. To presume that globalization is about, or results in, homogenization is to abridge the processes at work and, in a sense, to distance oneself from the very composite effects on space, place and uniqueness that globalizing processes bring to the fore. As Giddens (1990) among others suggests, as globalization has resulted in the spread of ‘Western’ institutions across the globe, that very drift produces a pressure for local independence and identity. In other words, globalization is concerning examining places as concurrently traversed by the global and local in ways that have been strengthened by the modern compression of space and time. Thus, alongside the global accessibility of satellite television, McDonald’s and Arnold Schwarznegger films, there is the confirmation of, for instance, local, regional and ethnic identities. Certainly, some transnational companies have overtly adopted strategies of ‘globalization’, expanding their influence around the globe, as situating themselves and their products and services within the local conditions. These might be a response to global influences, but they are however part of globalization and not a refutation of it. What this suggests is that in modern times the local is as much a condition for globalization as the global; space and place are negotiated by the global-local nexus of globalizes space-time compressions. ‘Time-space distanciation, disembedding, and reflexivity mean that composite relationships develop between local activities and communication across distances’ (Waters 1995:50). The assimilation of the globe reconfigures rather than supersedes diversity. Globalization ‘does not essentially imply homogenization or integration. Globalization simply implies greater connectedness and de-territorialisation’ (Waters 1995:136). This problematisation argues that a particular Eurocentric culture can no longer be measured an ‘authentic, self-evident and true universal culture in which all the world’s people ought to believe’ (Lemert 1997:22)—a position which of course itself would not command universal acquiesce. The cultural renaissance resultant from decolonization is the new face of autonomy in international law. Old definitions of freedom focusing on ethnic separation and tight territorial boundaries are becoming ever more outdated. The most interesting and pioneering ideas concerning self-determination are presently being developed by indigenous peoples. Theoretical discussions of prejudice, identity, individuality and universalism might seem remote and incoherent from harsh realities. But these debates do reveal why human rights themselves can spell awful trouble for indigenous peoples. The effects of human rights, intellectual property, transformation and self-determination based on evidently universal ideas of individuality and nationality can consequence in the death of indigenous communities. This is not a current phenomenon. It is the experience of colonization for too many people. And yet, international human rights discourse can also give a mechanism for anti-colonial struggles and the protection of indigenous rights, as the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations would certainly support. Nowhere is the inconsistency of human rights, culture and individualism as explicit as it is with the rights of indigenous peoples. Moreover, the practical view offers questions and answers to the nuts and bolts of each day treatment of intellectual property power issues. Though interpretive in nature, the practical deportment is rule-based, centered in issues concerning the assortment of original works noted under the law and formative infringement of copyright. An extensive variety of individuals use and produce copyrighted materials in their daily work, often ignorant of the consequences of their actions for probable infringement of the work of others or infringement by others of their own work. Engineers, technical communicators, computer scientists, architects, scientists, and educators, among others who characterizes our diverse national workforce, use and turn out intellectual products such as manual, applications, progress reports, yearly reports, analytical reports, and other technical documents. They as well form non-textual informational materials such as photographs and hand drawn graphics, software, videos, and multimedia products. Additionally, numerous creators acquire information through the global media, together with digital communications such as e-mail and data blocks, as well as graphics, video clips, and sound bytes. Workplace inventors might not be conscious of the special category of law that restrains the rights in the work they turn out. Equally agency laws and the â€Å"work for hire† set of guidelines, which falls under copyright law, state writers rights to their work and treat questions explicit to employees. Educators, particularly, are facing ever more intricate questions concerning forming and using materials for teaching. besides creating workplace products, educators also develop materials for classes in the forms of instructor package that comprise works copied from anthologies and journals, handouts, tests, and instructional transparencies or websites that might be derived from sources formed by other instructors or authors in their fields. The legal argument over what is considered infringement in using these â€Å"course packets† is massive. Instructors might also covet to use materials acquired from the global media. The customary treatment of global media sources as â€Å"free use† forms fussy questions concerning what constitutes infringement in the digital ground. There is also enduring debate over the capability of a browser merely to access a World Wide Web site devoid of infringement. Several legal analysts indicate that the National Information Infrastructures White Paper comprises language that, if construed closely, would forbid admittance to intellectual property on the Internet although the same intellectual property would be available if it were in the shape of print media. For instance, a stringent interpretation of the National Information Infrastructures (NII) White Paper would forbid the mere act of opening a file and reading it on the Internet as the act of producing text in digitized form needs making a â€Å"copy† of the original work. Though the White Paper was formed in 1996, its protectionist stance echoed in legislative development of copyright protection, wherein the No Electronic Theft Act (1998) criminalizes copyright violation and the Sonny Bono Copyright Extension Act (1999) expands copyright protection for a further twenty years. In light of the more and more preventive treatment of copyrighted materials, instructors might be confused over whether they can make non-infringing uses of World Wide Web materials for classroom uses at all (Strong, William S. 1990). Increasingly, numerous instructors inquire students to copy and develop sources procured from the Internet, such as interactions from UseNet News, Internet Relay Chat, and MOOs, and graphics or text files that they can download from the World Wide Web. Though fair use does not converse directly to questions concerning the Internet, it still controls questions of infringement within educational settings. Courts should instigate to apply fair use to issues that are convoluted by use of technology to give new instruction, but until then, prospective litigants looking for answers to complex legal questions must gain a clear considerate of existing law as the best means to recognize its possible interpretation in cases treating issues concerning the Internet. We can say that with the increasing use of internet the issue of Copyright infringement is also become very common. â€Å"Infringement is a breach of the rights of a copyright holder by copying, performing, publishing, displaying, or creating a copied work from an expression protected under copyright† (Strong, William S. 1990). Infringement can take the form of a photocopy, scanned digitization, or other mechanically formed copy, but it can as well take place in videotape, audiotape, performance, or exhibit of a copyrighted work. Providing evidence infringement is at times a complex process, needing that the belligerent party first found a right to control the copyright of the work, then that he or she proves that the work has been infringed. Infringement is further hard to prove while the accused infringer has distorted the work to such a degree that it is hard to sustain the considerable similarity argument and while the initiative and the expression are so wholly merged that use of the idea, which is obtainable in public domain, is corresponding to use of the expression. A more widespread defense aligned a claim of infringement; however, is the scenes a faire principle, which argues that general means of expression of ideas cannot be infringement of anothers work. A typical example is the formal report format used in technical documents. In this case, the means of expression has turn so widespread to the business worlds cultural scaffold of understanding that its use summons connotative expression itself, much similar to a classification of â€Å"technical report. † Copyright infringement elevates legal issues for Internet service providers as well as other global media caught up in network management. The law emerges to be moving away from strict accountability toward a new typical of actual knowledge (Packard, 1998). In the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, ISPs are not legally responsible for copyright infringement if the bringer does not have definite knowledge that the material or an activity using the material on the system or network is infringing (Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92 Pub. L. 105 304, Sec. 512 [c]). Though, upon attaining such knowledge or wakefulness, the provider should act expeditiously to eliminate, or hinder access to, the material. This stipulation has free-expression insinuations. Copyright law is a moderately recent phenomenon based on the supposition that inspired intellectual property desires to be protected and rewarded (Packard, 1998). By distinguishing that online services cannot scrutinize their content for infringing material and function professionally, Congress has given them a green light to expand to their full prospective (p. 37). The copyright extension for elite ownership for ninety-five years, up from twenty-eight years in the original 1790 law, has been dared in court by Eldritch Press. Under the new law, the publisher would be requisite to eradicate work that has been in the public domain under the preceding limit of seventy-five years. The global media and its technologies have offered fertile view for the creation of new communication technologies. Inventors functioning on such troubles as digital compression as well as network data-transfer speeds need patent protection to be capable to expand new products. Information technology has also taken a diversity of patent suits as inventors extend the new industry. Lucent Technologies, for example, sued Cisco Systems and indicted it of infringing eight digital networking patents. Cisco then charged that Lucent violated three of its patents. Lucent holds thousands of patents on former Bell Lab and ATT research operations, and analysts feared that the aggressive action by Lucent was threatening to smaller high-tech companies. Computer-chip giant Intel called a patent infringement action by TechSearch a nuisance lawsuit (Packard, 1998). As technology continues to become more multifaceted and consistent, patent disputes are probable to propagate. Generally, most patent cases do not have a substantive collision on free expression. Thus the main features of the global media regime are linked to infringement and intellectual property concerns. The strategy for these aspects of the establishment is the principle that the costs of Internet-related infrastructural development shall be borne mainly by the private sector and the standard those governments shall entrust themselves to economic liberalization, privatization, and regulatory programs dependable with this and other regime principles. As the utmost basis of legal conflict is that between authors and users rights, the most significant policy issue is cared for specifically in the Constitutions intellectual property stipulation. The goal of the copyright act is to make sure free speech and the progression of knowledge through our legitimate protection of the right to distribute information. The unique constitutional provisions designate the intent to make sure the expansion of knowledge in civilization based in a congressional grant to authors of a partial monopoly of rights in their works: The fair use stipulation makes clear that the key goal of the statute is to support learning. These changes notwithstanding, the divergence between authors rights and the goal to encourage knowledge, inner to the copyright debate since its setting up, continues. Sadly, the public policy issue is frequently ignored in respect to concerns over economic interests. The everyday application of law essentially focuses on treating conflict between individuals. Lawyers are trained specially to congregate the needs of the legal system and are inexpensively supported by their work in this area. However the policy issues following the statute are really most significant to us as educators and to our society as a whole because those who manage the development of knowledge in a culture eventually establish who we are as a people. Philosophy and the goals that convoy it drive our view of policy issues. Thought determines how we view authorship, possession, and property and eventually affects not only how intellectual property law is proscribed but how information and communication that are inner to the dialogic processes within the nation are proscribed, as well as decisive who controls them. An assessment of ideological choices in request to intellectual property thus renders significant understanding of the probable effect of the law on our cultural future. Gaining a considerate of intellectual property issues is inner to understanding our rights as users and producers of knowledge. The actions we acquire to influence egalitarian access to information can have enduring ramifications for society, as authorship makes control, control generates authority, and authority generates power. We must take every step needed to ensure that the controlling voices of the few but authoritative are reasonable by the yet-unheard voices of the weaker multitudes. Reference: Baym N. K. 1995. The emergence of community in computer-mediated communication. In S. G. Jones, ed. , CyberSociety: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, pp. 13863. Buck K. 1996. Community organizing and the Internet. Neighborhood Works, 19, 2, p. 2. Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92 Pub. L. 105 304, Sec. 512 [c] Gates B. 1995. The Road Ahead. New York: Viking Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity Press. Green, A. (1997) Education, Globalisation and the Nation State, London: Macmillan. http://www. washingtonwatchdog. org/rtk/documents/cong_hearings/senate/107/senatehearing107_77094. html http://www/stephenking. com Laikwan Pang`s 2005 article `Copying Kill Bill` social Text, No. 83, 133-153. London Times, June 17, 1996. Packard A. (1998). Infringement or impingement: Carving out an actual knowledge defense for sysops facing strict liability, Journalism Mass Communication Monographs, no. 168 (December). Ratan S. 1995. Time (spring):25-26. Rheingold H. 1993. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley. Strong, William S. The Copyright Book: A Practical Guide. Cambridge: MIT P, 1990. Toby Miller et. al, 2001 `Hollywood`s Global Rights` in Toby Miller et. al. , Global

Personal Skills Require for Organizational Objectives

Personal Skills Require for Organizational Objectives Evaluate the personal and professional skills, as outlined in the brief, required to meet both organization and own goals and objectives. Introduction The success of any organization is depends critically on the abilities and performance of its employee not by an individual but also on the way the employee work with each other. In a fast changing business environment it is not just enough to hire talent staff but the organization need to develop them, provide the training to the employee, retrain them in order to keep pace with technology and rival with global market. So it is very important to evaluate the personal and professional skill to achieve both organizational and individual objectives. Definition â€Å"Personal and Professional development is the process through which the organization and individual engage in the process of learning to meet the challenges and desire goal. It is associate with the development needs of the individual as well as group† In this task we have identified and evaluated key personal and professional managerial/ leadership skills like time management, running meetings, making presentations and stress management, these can be accomplished through examine current skills and preparing and impel maintaining Personal Development Plans. This plan will be acquired by Analyzing current skills and preparing and implementing personal development plans. Professional skills concerned with counselling and coaching staff to support them to learn their own learning and development requirement. Professional skills required leadership; managerial skill etc and these all are come with the self-development and continue efforts by mentor who guide the staff by delivering effective presentation, some of the example are as follow Mentoring Mentoring is a effective elements of the training to learning and development and an increasing popular tool by supporting personal development. Mentoring is the long term passing on of support, guidance and advice. In the workplace it has been liable to describe a relationship in which a more experienced colleague uses their greater knowledge and understanding of the work or workplace to support the development of a more junior or inexperienced member of staff. Its also a form of apprenticeship, whereby an inexperienced learner learns the tricks of the trade from an experienced colleague, backed-up as in modern apprenticeship by offsite training. Mentoring is used specifically and separately as a form of long term tailored development for the individual which brings benefits to the organisation. The characteristics of mentoring are: Mentoring is a important form of development It concentrates on helping an individual to shape their career and develop skills. Personal problem can be discussed more effectively by help of mentoring the individual. Such activities of mentoring have both individual and organizational goals. Counselling In todays competitive business arena, a lot of pressure is being apply on many of the employee of an organization, and this create a stress and strain which affect their physical and mental health. Thus, there is a need for proper and accurate counselling skill for some employee. The objectives of counselling are to relieve work burden and make the work very easy to create healthy work environment. So, it is imperative for a manager have to be full equipped to handle such situations as employees need professional help as well as emotional and mental support. Kavita Singh (2007) Counselling Skills for Managers, Paperback What is Coaching? Coaching is the process of creating environmental and building the relationships that boost the development of skills and the performance the direct reports and the manager. Coaching is powerful sills that can be used to maintain and improve performance and to develop new skills and enthusiasm that will help your direct reports exceed current performance and enhance their job satisfaction. When a manager becomes an effective coach, he has the ability to build a group of confident, self-motivated achievers. Following are the benefits from effective coaching Benefits to the organization Helps the bottom line since more work Is done at a lower cost Attracts high-quality job seekers because people want to work for companies that develop their people Turnover is reduced because employees want to stay Benefits to the manager Get the work done the way it needs to be done Have employees that want to work for you Can get more work done when people are able to do it Your stress level is reduced Can get time to do other work. Multitasking In the organization, multitasking is mandatory skill at the workplace. A study suggests that daily workplace interruptions, such as phone calls or e-mail, consume more than two hours of the average professionals workday. Some time it is very important to work on different project because it can save time and increase a productivity of an individual, some time extreme multitasking can cause the opposite to occur. (/www.allbusiness.com/economy-economic-indicators/economic/8898826-1.html) Leadership Leadership is the ability to motivate an individual or a group of people toward a common goal. Leadership is the essential quality of a manager. It helps manager how to follow the plan, leadership skill is not a inborn skill it comes by the experience and it can be improved with the practice. Leadership Styles There are many approaches, and style of leadership that are based on different assumptions and theories. The style that individuals use will be based on a combination of their beliefs, values and preferences, as well as the organizational culture and norms which will encourage some styles and discourage others. Some Leadership Styles in Practice are following Organize meetings The important part of leadership style is to organize the meeting for better management and communication. Schedule meeting save time and increase motivation, it also increase productivity. Meeting planning is the best way to find out the problem solution, and avoid the conflicts as well. Effective Presentation skill: Presentation skill is the part of communication; better presentation and public speaking are essential aspect for work and life. Effective presentation skills are important in the organization, whether it is a human resource department of marketing department. Communication skill develops the confident and capability in the individual anyone can give a good presentation, or perform public speaking to a professional and impressive standard. Like most things, it simply takes a little preparation and practice. Time and Stress Management The role of Leader/Manager can be very stressful! Management studies have suggested that these roles include a very wide mix of activities, most of which cannot always be controlled or even predicted. Outcome-I-BETOLA-10573 Evaluate ways in which a successful manager can acquire these skills What Do Managers Do? Personal and professional skills are essential for an individual or a manger to achieve organizational goals. There are two types of function namely, operative and managerial function. The topic below discusses the managerial function to develop professional and personal skills the managerial function are as under. 1. Planning Planning is essential before doing something, because proper planning helps an organization to achieve its objectives. A manager should have planning skill to make work effective, the main task of planning are strategic and business planning, project planning, human resource planning and promotion planning. Well beginning half done, so to get target result, pre-planning can be helpful to manager. 2. Organizing resources After making effective planning the next duty of the manager is to organize resources. Organization are division of different department like., human resource department, finance, marketing, etc., so these all are the resources of the organization, and these resources should be well organized. Organization is the main managerial function, so it is the duty of a manager to organize resources effectively. 3. Leading Leading is the important function of management because it leads the company towards the goal. After making the certain business policy, it is important to lead them on right direction; it is the duty of manager to influence the people to follow the right direction either it is individual or group. Performance management play an important role to lead organization effectively towards the certain goal. 4. Controlling/Coordinating Controlling and coordinating is the process of running the organization structure effectively. This embrace ongoing collection of feedback or monitoring and adjusting of system, process and structure accordingly for example, uses of financial controls, policies and procedures, performance management, and risk management. Outcome-IIETOLA-10573 Personal Skills Audits This task describe about the personal skill audit, knowledge and aspects, and the importance of the effective personal skill audit. The task focuses on the interpersonal skill of the manager and how managers should address any shortfalls in personal styles, in addition to provides guideline about the analysis of personal performance in the job role. Key to the audit is the notion of continuous professional development, and the need to apply all phases of the learning cycle to personal development activities. It also provides a framework to reflect on personal and professional development, notably in terms of self awareness (strengths and weaknesses, emotional resilience, creativity, analytical problem solving, social skills, mental agility, balanced learning habits). Psychometric tests are structured tests, taken in exam-like conditions, which aim to measure objectively a persons ability, or certain aspects of their personality. Most psychometric tests which measure ability, and virtually all accredited psychometric tests which measure aspects of personality, are devised by occupational psychologists SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. Your specialist marketing expertise. A new, innovative product or service. Location of your business. Quality processes and procedures. Any other aspect of your business that adds value to your product or service. Lack of marketing expertise. Undifferentiated products or services (i.e. in relation to your competitors). Location of your business. Poor quality goods or services. Damaged reputation. A developing market such as the Internet. Mergers, joint ventures or strategic alliances. Moving into new market segments that offer improved profits. A new international market. A market vacated by an ineffective competitor. A new competitor in your home market. Price wars with competitors. A competitor has a new, innovative product or service. Competitors have superior access to channels of distribution. Taxation is introduced on your product or service. A word of caution, SWOT analysis can be very subjective. Do not rely on SWOT too much. Two people rarely come-up with the same final version of SWOT. TOWS analysis is extremely similar. It simply looks at the negative factors first in order to turn them into positive factors. So use SWOT as guide and not a prescription. Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your organization when conducting SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where it could be in the future. SWOT should always be specific. Avoid grey areas. Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better than or worse than your competition. Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis SWOT is subjective. Outcome-IIIETOLA-10573 Task-I produce a detailed personal development plan How to produce personal development plan A Personal Development Plan is a document process that reflect the objectives of development for further planning, this help to set-up a development objectives for the future. This plan helps to build a border for achieving goal and create atmosphere where people take responsibility for their responsibility. Effective Personal Development Plan should be: Realistic Relevant Monitored Agreed Reviewed Effective personal development plan need outline agreed development need, identified the actions to meet the need. The plan also identified timescales for completion and indicates responsibility for implementation; furthermore it should be contained suggested review dates. Objectives There are certain objectives to build an effective personal development plan among them the SMART objectives is very effective, which summaries as under. Specific clearly stating what is to be achieved Measurable how will you know you have been successful? Action-orientated specifying what needs to be done Realistic is it within your control and capability Timely achievable within a credible How to prioritise objectives? Objectives should be prioritised according to organisation / department need. You need to be careful not to have too many objectives on your PDP. Its  better to have a few that you can achieve than a long list that you cant. You  may wish to consider: What new skills do you need in your job and what existing skills must you improve Think about your current objectives related to your section /Division / service plan. Is there anything in these where Improving your knowledge and skills will enable you to achieve Your aims or improve results? For the longer-term strategic objectives of your role, is there an  obvious progression of stages? What timeframe do you see for your Career Development  objectives? Is there again an obvious progression of stages  towards your goal? Task-3- evaluate and review the effectiveness and impact of your learning, and how you will be use this for the future. An individual must have a focus for learning a new set of behaviors. Think about where you are now and where you see yourself upon completing a goal. A goal is like a finish line, you run forward for the accomplishment. You aim for the prize. Setting goals is top priority in a personal development plan. It requires a specific and clear intention followed by action. Once you have established your goal, it should be followed with consistent behaviors which are conducive to reaching that goal. How do you learn new behaviors? By educating yourself. Seeking knowledge on your specific area of focus is crucial for replacing old behaviors or habits with new ones. Plenty of resources exist today for self-help. On any level, you can find information to teach you how to identify problem areas in your life. If in the process you find yourself overwhelmed, frustrated or just plain stuck, consider using a life coach. Life coaches are a wonderful resource for success with a personal development plan. They can provide a strong support system. They have knowledge of self-improvement tools and skills to teach them to you. A life coach will give you positive feedback and encourage you to persevere. Not everyone can do it alone, that is why life coaches exist. There is a lot to be said about someone cheering you on as go for it. They can help monitor your successes and setbacks. Whether or not you choose to use a life coach or go it alone, be sure to zero in on your strengths. It is easy to fall prey to loss of confidence from not focusing on strengths. Learn new skills to complement your strengths and confidence. It is amazing how learning affects over-all well being. When you create your personal development plan, realize magic doesnt happen overnight. It is becoming conscious of your world and how you operate within it. Daily you must make choices that benefit your goals. By doing so, eventually the prize does appear. You must also realize that personal development is a life choice. Some people appear content to meander in their world, oblivious to needed changes. However, life is meant for change. If you do the same things over and over, you will get the same results. Self improvement in life settings and circumstances should always be considered relevant and necessary. You can recreate your life with a good personal development plan. Self-assessment of problem areas of your life is the first step. Set realistic goals. Choose actions and behaviors which benefit the goals. Maintain a positive support system. And most of all, applaud yourself for wanting something different for your life. Conclusion: Personal Development Plan can be very effective tools to helping an individual to reflect and record his learning and achievement in a proper way; it can also be effective to make planning his or her further personal and professional development. This process can encourage deep reflection and long term learning habits which focus on their future development.

Importance of Debate in John Milton’s Paradise Lost :: Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Importance of Debate in John Milton’s Paradise Lost Paradise Lost Is an epic novel depicting the creation of the world and Man's fall from grace. It also shows the fall of Lucifer and his entrapment in Hell with other arch demons. Though Lucifer was one of the most beautiful angels, he became the most hideous of creatures in hell as Satan, the most powerful demigod-god. Satan resents God for the punishment that he has received and seeks revenge on Him. Satan knows, however, that he and his forces are no match for the might of Heaven, so he calls for a debate among his devilish council to work through their options. John Milton portrays the arch-demons of hell like members of the Senate, toiling over how to get back at God. The arguments are similar only in that they all believe that some course of action must be taken, but in most ways they are vastly different. Each debate builds on the last until the best compromise is met. Satan begins the debate with his opening remarks. He sounds hopeful, even though he knows that Hell is no match for God. Satan then yields the floor to Moloch, who argues the most extreme course of action. He believes that a full out war on Heaven is the only way to seek revenge on God. Moloch's speech was the first argument so the other demons were the most open minded about his ideas. Belial then took the stand, though he had a far different view than Moloch's. Belial can see that they are no match for the power of God, and therefore denizens of Hell should be benign and hope that God pities them. In other words, Belial is ready to give up because he recognizes that their hands are tied. He is hoping that God wants them to realize this and will allow them back into heaven for admitting that He is superior. Belial's argument is the complete opposite of Moloch's in that he believes in repentance, not revenge. Mammon disagrees totally with Belial's argument. He thinks that because they have been banished from heaven and become so obviously hideous, there is no longer any place for them there. He believes that they are forever banished to Hell and they should make the most of their situation. Repentance is not an option in his mind. According to Mammon, the arch-demons should make the most of a bad situation.

Literary Utopian Societies Essay examples -- essays research papers f

Literary Utopian Societies â€Å"The vision of one century is often the reality of the next†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nelson 108). Throughout time, great minds have constructed their own visions of utopia. Through the study of utopias, one finds that these â€Å"perfect† societies have many flaws. For example, most utopias tend to have an authoritarian nature (Manuel 3). Also, another obvious imperfection found in the majority of utopias is that of a faulty social class system (Thomas 94). But one must realized that the flaws found in utopian societies serve a specific purpose. These faults are used to indicate problems in contemporary society (Eurich 5, Targowski 1). Over the years, utopian societies have been beneficial in setting improved standards for society. By pointing out the faults of society, improvement is the most likely next step. Citizens should take advantage of utopian literature in order to better future societal conditions (Nelson 104). Because it is impossible to create a perfect society in whi ch everyone’s needs can be met, society must analyze utopias in order to improve their existing environment. Plato’s Republic was the first â€Å"true† work considered to be utopian literature. In fact, the Republic influenced almost all later text written on the subject of utopia (Manuel 7). Although the Republic was one of the most influential works in utopian literature, the society that it represented also had many obvious flaws. First, Plato’s utopia had a distinct class system (Morely iii, Bloom xiii). The privileged class that ruled the society also enforced censorship in order to keep control over the Republic (Manuel 5). To perform all of the lowly tasks of the society, a system of slavery was enforced (Manuel 9). In addition, different forms of propaganda were used to keep the citizens in check (Manuel 5, Bloom xiv). The political and economic systems, in which the wealthy class controlled all the funds, were extremely restrictive (Mumford 4, Bloom xiii). With the society being in opposition to change, it would have obviously failed. A static society, in which propaganda is used to promote the State, disrupts the creative thinking process. And, without the creative thinking process, intellectual growth as a whole also slows (Mumford 4, Benz 3). Yet another famous Utopian society that appears to thrive on the surface is that of Sir Thomas More’s Utopia. More’s society was ... ...us. Brave New World. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1932. Kateb, George, ed. Utopia. New York: Atherton Press, 1971. Manuel, Frank E., ed. Utopias and Utopian Thought. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966. Morley, Henry, ed. Ideal Commonwealths. New York: Kennikat Press, 1968. Mumford, Lewis. The Story of Utopias. New York: The Viking Press, 1962. Nelson, William, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Utopia. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1968. Taragowski, Henry W. Utopia. 6 Jan. 1999 . Thomas, John L., ed. Looking Backward 2000-1887. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1967. Utopia and Utopian Philosophy. Ed. Jon Will. 1999. Utopia Pathway Association. 6 Jan. 1999 . Validation of Electronic Sources Phillip Benz received a Master’s Degree in English Literature and currently teaches in France. Philip Coupland is a professor at Warwick University. Jon Will is the Vice President of the Utopia Pathway Association. Henry Taragowski is a professor at Xavier University. Peter Fitting is the Chairman of the Society for Utopian Studies.

Lawmakers who Skipped Trip to Manhattan Insulted Constituents :: Letter to the Editor Essays

Lawmakers who Skipped Trip to Manhattan Insulted Constituents The visit to K-State by the Kansas Legislature last Thursday quite uplifting in a way, knowing that even though legislators face perhaps the toughest year of their careers, they still take time to get out of the chambers and listen to the people of Kansas. And then I read the article in Friday’s paper. Hopefully our elected officials have read the article I am referring to, and may they also take notice of this response. For readers who are unfamiliar with the story, although many of the leaders actually traveled to Manhattan to hear presentations about proposed research facilities, approximately 60 legislators chose not to attend. Some of them skipped simply out of protest, claiming the trip catered to lobbyists. To those few who made such a misguided choice, listen up. We’re going to review some basic concepts of government you may have forgotten. Your paycheck comes from the State of Kansas, which receives funds from Kansas taxpayers, who put you into office. Essentially, Kansans who pay taxes, myself included, are collectively your bosses. I’d love to be able to stand in front of the person who hired me and declare that I will not do my job today. Unfortunately, there is a high probability that I would not have a job the following morning. To those legislators who chose simply out of spite not to join your fellow leaders in the trip to K-State, you sent the wrong message to your approximately 22,000 constituents, telling them that you refuse to live up to the obligations placed upon you when you took office. It should be noted that some legislators had legitimate reasons for skipping the trip. But for those who did not have prior commitments or pressing matters, the blunt refusal of a request to be heard by the people of Kansas is utterly unacceptable. Public leaders should not be allowed to â€Å"protest† Kansans, even if they do consider it a â€Å"snow day.† Was the presentation in Manhattan a lobbying pitch? Perhaps, but what does it matter? Lobbyists or not, they’re still Kansas taxpayers who contribute toward your salaries, and you have an obligation to listen to them. The mindset, â€Å"we make them take off work and come see us,† is not how government should work. To our legislators who like to hide behind their desks rather than face their bosses, allow me to make a suggestion: The next time you receive an offer to visit with the public about public issues, take it.

Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s a young people’s settings Essay

My role of a Teaching Assistant begins at 7.45 am where my colleague and I begin preparation for the school Breakfast Club. This includes setting out table top activities such as jigsaws, colouring and ipads. Breakfast Club also has a pool table so I write a weekly rota for this to ensure fair play. During breakfast club I encourage the children to sit together and eat a healthy breakfast of cereal, toast and choice of fruit juice. I have time to sit, chat and take part in the activities the children are doing which enables me to form good relationships with the children there. Breakfast Club is new to the school in Sept 2013 so we are currently putting together a display board which shows examples of the breakfasts, posters designed by the children and pictures of the staff that work there. Then I have 10 minutes in the nursery unit to help the teacher do some preparation for the day, for example this maybe hiding arrows around the playing field for the children to take part in a treasure hunt or preparing pots of paint. We then welcome the children into class and help them with hanging up coats and bags, comforting any that maybe distressed as their carer has left. Once they are settled the teacher will begin the register and my role is to help the children take part and sit quietly on the carpet and listen. We then begin our morning activity. I will be asked to take a small group with me for example to draw an apple tree and have to complete a short assessment on them. For example ask them to draw a tree; are they using brown for the trunk? Green for the leaves? Can they follow a simple instructions? Whilst taking part in this activity I bring as much of the welsh language as possible e.g. I will ask them the welsh words for the colours we are using. We then head back to the class for ‘tidy up time’ and snack. Two mornings I prepare the snack of toast and milk. Then 3 mornings I supervise the Reception children on the yard. I ensure the children are playing happily with one another and no one is left on their own. Often I bring out bikes so I have a timer to make sure each child has the same amount of time on a bike. Some children may need the toilet and I assist in any personal care needs required or if they have had an accident then I will put gloves on and change the child. Then it’s back to Nursery class for the second part of the morning which could be songs or story on the carpet where I encourage ‘good sitting and listening’ for the teacher. At 11.30 most of the nursery children are getting collected so I again help with bags and sing our welsh going home song. I then make sure the classroom is tidy and take the Reception children over to the main dinner hall for them to have a cooked lunch. Whilst there I make sure each child has a meal, desert and drink. I encourage them to eat as much as they feel they can. If the leave something, for example carrots and will ask that they eat as many as they can. Once the dinner hall is empty and the tables wiped down I supervise on the main yard with Years 1-6. There the children will ask me if they want to go inside the School for the toilet or a drink. I will discipline any children that are not acting appropriately; I make sure no one is left on their own. Then I take part in encouraging happy play by blowing bubbles for the younger children and help with skipping and taking part in any fun games they want to do. If we have any injuries then I take them to the school secretary and write in accident book and call the parents if I feel it is necessary. Page 2 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Assignment Unit 332 (1.2) For all Teaching Assistant roles there is a set of National Occupational Standards (NOS) set out by each individual school. These NOS offer guidance on wider aspects for competent performance (Burnham 2010 pg 118). They were set up to realise the potential of all teaching support staff whatever their role. (http://www.napta.org.uk/) The standards are statements about how tasks should be carried out and the minimum acceptable quality of practice that should be delivered. I have looked closely through the standards and looked at the most important ones to me in my role and given an explanation on each one as follows – 301.3 Understand legislation, policies and procedures for confidentiality and sharing information including data protection The Data Protection Act of 1998 is designed to ensure that confidential information cannot be passed to others without the individual consent. In my role I am exposed to a great volume of confidential information and I understand I cannot pass this to anyone. My sons attend the same school so I am often approached by parents at birthday parties asking me how their child is getting on. I understand the schools confidentiality policy so say sorry I can’t discuss this outside of school, please come and see the teacher and discuss on Monday. 302.3 Understand school ethos, mission, aims and values The school ethos –â€Å"St David’s Roman Catholic Primary School is part of the living presence of Christ in the modern world. Part of our purpose is, by the education, care and protection of our children, to present a model of Christian living that is clear to all.† (https://swansea-edunet.gov.uk/en/schools/StDavids/Pages/Mission_Statement.aspx) I am employed in a Catholic primary school but I am not a Catholic. However daily I embrace the catholic ethos and take part in Mass, Prayers and Religious Education activities. For example October is the month of the Rosary Bead. This week we have been learning about the letter ‘b’ so to tie in religion I have asked the children to bring in any Rosary Beads they have to ‘show and tell’ to the class. This builds confidence talking in front of the class and brings in the school ethos. 303.2 Be able to prepare for learning activities Before the children arrive in the morning the teacher will inform me of what activity I will be doing with them. For example when we were learning about the letter ‘a’ Mrs Jones asked me to take the children to the field in small groups and draw the apple tree. Preparation is vital for this to ensure it runs smoothly. As once the children are with me on the field if I have forgotten something for safety reasons I cannot run back to the class leaving the children. Frustratingly they would have to come back with me which would cut down the activity time. First I gather the resources I need for the activity, chairs, clipboards, paper, and pencils. Then once my 5 children are ready I make sure if it has been wet they are wearing Wellington boots and coats and hold on to the handrail as they exit the classroom. I make sure they walk carefully in a straight line down the path, closing the nursery door behind me which has a safety code so no outsider can gain access. Once we have arrived at the field I make sure our immediate environment is safe for example by checking for things the children could trip over. Depending on the children I may need to adapt some of the resources for example some children find it difficult to press hard with a pencil so I make sure I have other things with me like crayons and felt tip pens. Page 3 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Assignment Unit 332 304.2 Be able to promote positive behaviour It is imperative in any school for children to have guidelines in school so they have a clear understanding of how to behave in school. Children need to be aware of the boundaries within which to manage their behaviour, so that they understand what is expected of them. (Burnham 2010 pg 58) In our nursery unit we encourage positive behaviour with stars on their jumpers to go home and show their parents. If a child has done something positive like sat well and listened to a story we will tell the whole class how happy we are with that child and give them a bigger reward like make them the ‘helpwr y dydd’ – helper of the day. 306.2 Understand the impact of prejudice and discrimination on children and young people Children can experience prejudice and discrimination in several ways, religion, ethnicity, sex, body image, disabilities. It will affect their self esteem and their learning will almost defiantly be affected. They could be come withdrawn and may not want to attend school. You must ensure your own inbuilt ideas do not affect how you treat children. I have not come across it yet but understand I must always challenge discrimination. It can be promoted in a positive way by posters in school and bringing in guest speakers to talk about their own experiences in a positive way. 331.2 Understand the factors that influence children and young people’s development and how these affect practice There are personal factors that could influence a child’s development for example their health. We have a child in Year 4 that has a heart problem and has missed a lot of school for operations. This could also affect his social activities for example on the playground. A child’s emotional development may also be affected depending on their awareness of their needs and the extent to which they are affected. It is important that the adults in school are aware of how pupils may be affected by these kinds of conditions so we can support them by ensuring they are included as far as possible. (Burnham 2010 pg 155) External factors can also have a massive affect. Families can go through significant changes through the school years for example separation, bereavement, new partners, house move or changing country. This can affect their ability to learn. Statistics show that children that suffer from poverty and deprivation are less lightly to thrive and achieve well in school. Some children make personal choices on friendship groups and extra curricular activities, they may need advice and support from adults to make sure the choices were right for them. Some children may come from a very alternative background such as a home schooling environment. These children may need some additional support until they become settled. (Burnham 2010 pg 156) There have been a number of theories of development. Many physiologists have different ideas about how children learn. Some think it is innate and others feel it depends on the opportunities a child has been given, often referred to the nature nurture debate. One of the physiologists Watson believed that we are all born with the same abilities and anyone can be taught anything and that it does not depend on innate ability but on watching others. His idea of ‘classical conditioning’ was born out of Ivan Pavlov’s research using dogs. He noted his subjects would salivate before the delivery of food. In a series of experiments he presented a variety of stimuli before the presentation of food, eventually finding that, after repeated association, a dog would salivate to the presence of a stimulus other than food. He termed this response a conditional reflex. (psychology.about.com) Page 4 – Kathryn Di Terlizzi Assignment Unit 332 Children that come into nursery are treated the same and assumed at first to have the same abilities. As it becomes apparent some children need more support than others then the level is identified. Appropriate bodies are brought in to observe and correct support is implemented. 333.4 Understand how to respond to evidence or concerns that a child or young person has been abused or harmed Possible signs or symptoms that may be cause for concern are – Acting out in an inappropriate sexual way with toys or objects Becoming withdrawn or very clingy Becoming unusually secretive Sudden unexplained personality changes, mood swings and seeming insecure Regressing to younger behaviours, e.g. bedwetting Outburst of anger New adult words for body parts Talk of a new, older friend and unexplained money or gifts Physical signs, such as, unexplained soreness or bruises around genitals or mouth, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy Not wanting to be alone with a particular child or young person (http://www.parentsprotect.co.uk/warning_signs.htm#) If a child tells me something I should listen and try as best I can to write down word for word what the child is telling me and not question anything they are saying just let them speak. I will then explain to them that I am not able to keep it a secret and I must tell Mrs Jones the teacher. Mrs Jones will then take the relevant action. The UK Government ratified the Convention on 16 December 1991. This means that the Government must make sure that every child in the UK has the rights that are listed in the Convention. The Government can do this by passing laws or by taking other action, including making sure that the rights in the Convention is widely known in the UK. One of these points is as follows – Protection from violence, exploitation, abuse, neglect and maltreatment: The Government must make sure you are protected from any type of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse or exploitation, while you are living with your parents or in the care of anyone else. Special procedures must be set up to help you if you have been the victim of abuse. (http://www.lawstuff.org.uk/the-facts/what-are-childrens-rights) Bibliography www.teaching-assistants.co.uk www.napta.co.uk www.gov.uk/government/publications/nos-for-supporting-teaching-learning Oct 2010 Burnham, L (2010) â€Å"Support Teaching & Learning in Schools†. Published by Heinemann Reference List Burnham, L (2010) â€Å"Support Teaching & Learning in Schools†. Published by Heinemann www.psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/pavlov.htm (accessed on 05/10/2013) http://www.parentsprotect.co.uk/warning_signs.htm# (accessed on 05/10/2013) http://www.lawstuff.org.uk/the-facts/what-are-childrens-rights (accessed on 05/10/13) https://swansea-edunet.gov.uk/en/schools/StDavids/Pages/Mission_Statement.aspx (accessed 05/10/13) http://www.napta.org.uk/ (accessed 05/10/13)

How Does Art and Music Relates to Each Other Essay

Art and music bring many cultures from all around the world together. Both express thoughts, emotions, stories, views, ideas, and opinions of human life. For instance, art is a form of expression as well as music. Moreover, music describe a person’s culture, life, feeling and hobbies as well as art. It is how people liberty to express themselves through music in whichever way they prefer. as well as art and what people confront on a daily basis. Furthermore, art and music has change over time and it has influence in the way we dress and dance. It also reflects on violence and drugs. Finally, have an extremely negative impact on the attitudes and behaviors of American youth. Music affects society now in days by influencing teens in the wrong way. For instance, music videos have made a humongous impact on the behavior of teens. Moreover, teens flaunt their bosoms around just because they see it on the videos so they portray the same image thinking that is the style. For example, Adriana, a cousin she dresses something similar to that and her response is that is what is in. Also, the way teens dance through music. For example, the songs Bring it, Donk, Ass by listening to this type of songs they start twerking dancing. In particular, a dance that teases and inappropriately moves. It consists of how you shake your behind. personality my perspectives about those move dances are inhuman. In addition, this type of songs has made an impact on the dances and it has everybody twerking. A dance that consist of shaking hips and bottom and bouncing up and down motion, causing to shake, wobble and jiggle . Another, huge impact would be the song and dance called The Twist it had have a tremendous impact back in the days. many people were against it but some were not. Foremost, John Johnson Jr. â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states. â€Å"Soon, the fad hopped generations, sweeping up the â€Å"Mad Men† set of swinging company men and their hip-shaking wives. Therefore, regardless if the song influences in an appropriate dance it is still going to be a big hit and it is going to have everybody dancing. Another, social message that is transmitting through music and art is the violence. For example, some friends would always-encountered dangerous scenes because of the designs imprinted on their clothes gang related as well as the music consisting of disrespecting others. onsequently, they were getting shoot at. In addition, my cousin Arthur was involved in the Mafia. He was kill in Mexico 3 years ago because of the music he used to listing to drugs as well as the clothes he used to were. His clothes had a picture of Mal Verde a major drug dealer. The drug music would inspire him to fight. He had a tragic death that was never solve he was kidnap and torture to death. In addition, many people are being influence in the drug life because of their admiration to those kinds of art as well as the music. On the other hand, it can inspire others to get out of that life style. For example, Biello, Johnson Jr. (â€Å"The Twist† The Los Angeles Times, 2013) states that â€Å"Biello, who hope the Twist would ease his exit from the Mob, never did get out. He was assassinated in 1967, in broad daylight in downtown Miami. The crime was never solved but was likely part of a power struggle in the top ranks of Mafia leadership. † Moreover, music and art is meant for uplifting and encouraging people yet over the years it has become degrading. Finally, the way it influences the teens today. The more aggressive the music, probably the more grumpy and rebellion they tend to get. The beauty of music has exploited into evil things. For instance, the music today such as rap and hip-hop has profanity and that is the type of music that teens listing today. Consequently, can be influential, and they will try to crazy things. In conclusion, art is music it is what gives life a meaning. For example, to share ideas, express feeling, tell a story It is what brings many different cultures together from all over the world. Weather it brings out good or bad messages it is still a form of art.

Example Research Paper

The Effects of Preferred vs Standard Colors on College Students’ Short Term Memory Kristen N. Williams Emporia State University Abstract Can color help enhance students' ability to learn and better prepare for tests and with other school assignments? The participants were 15 college students at Emporia State University. I used an independent two-group design where students signed up via Blackboard. Participants had 2 min to look at the word list, either black words or color words, then another 2 min to recall what they had seen.I was expecting to find more color words recalled than black words. However, I found no significance between colors and black words. This finding is inconsistent with the findings of Camp, Pecher, Schmidt, and Zeelenber (2009) where color did in fact affect a participant's ability in remembering. Keywords: recall, colors, memory, word list The Effects of Preferred vs Standard Colors on College Students’ Short Term Memory The ability to obtain and store information in a short time is short-term memory. Factors can help increase the ability to retain more information.According to Sagi (1980) â€Å"words of colors are recalled well than and at the expense of printed colors† (p. 149). Previous research by Dreschsler (1960) has suggested that different colors have different effects on individuals and can have some connection to one’s subconscious as well. According to Tait (1912), â€Å"colors may affect multiple aspects of one’s memory† (p. 1). Past research using recall-testing (Noble, 1952; Radvansky, Gibson, & McNerney, 2011; Rockway & Duncan, 1952; Watkins & LeCompte, 1991) studied how well people can retain information.Radvansky, et al. , (2011) found that among four experiments performed, when individuals had another sense manipulated, sense of sight, the individuals were able to retain words from the word list presented to them. The best perception that increased memory retention was the aspec t of colors (Radvansky, et al. , 2011) MacKinnon, Geiselman, and Woodward (1985) found that participants’ effort and their ability to retain information when paired with an interference decreased. As one progresses with age their memory may tend to fade ut some research has found an increase in memory retention when older adults performed a recall test using colors although multiple responses does tend to decrease after multiple features (Gagnon, Soulard, Brasgold, & Kreller, 2007, p. 210). Within this research, participants were in into two groups by their ages. They underwent three different conditions, the same for each group. While one test varied on one feature, like color, the second varied with color and size, while the third varied in three different features, color, size, and font.They tested participants to see how well they were able to retain the word list, along with the other features, because of the colors, both groups had the ability to remember more from the word lists, but the older individuals were not able to remember the other features as well as the younger participants. Many have used recall tests as their form of testing in their study, whereas the others use colors within their tests to help measure how it affects the individuals memory, whether it deals with emotional ties (Tait, 1912) or to just test whether it affects one’s ability in remembering (Camp, Pecher, Schmidt, & Zeelenber, 2009).The primary goal of my research was to see if participants would memorize a higher percentage of words in color than in black. I believe that this experiment could help students better their studying, may help students remember words for a test, or quiz, and possibly use color to help transfer items from short-term memory, to long-term. Method Participants Participants in this study were 15 college students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses in the spring of 2012 at Emporia State University. Participants possibly earned cour se credit for their participation, but their instructors will make other alternatives available.I obtained my participants via sign-up online through Black Board. Materials The following words were on a power point slide (Appendix A; Chair, Moon, Tape, Armadillo, Kitchen, Glue, Phone, Newt, Notebook, Cookie, Ring, Flower, Couch, Blanket, Fire, Sand, Lion, Bully, Window, & Hair). The recall survey (Appendix B) contained a number list for participants to fill out, along with a short demographic form (e. g. gender). Design and Procedure I obtained an ESU IRB approval (Appendix C) prior to conducting any procedures of the independent two-group design experiment.When the participants signed up for the study I assigned them to either Group Black Words (views word list in black and white) or Group Colored Words (views same word list, except in different colors). I gave and read the informed consent form (Appendix D) to the participants as they read along. They had 2 min to memorize the wor ds. After that, participants had another 2 min to recall the words onto their surveys. After time was up, I debriefed them (Appendix E). Results The independent variable was color of words (Black, Colors) and the dependent variable was participants' percentage of recalled words.I included total of all words recalled in color. I determined the mean and standard deviation for each group's recall percentage (see Figure 1). I performed a t test for independent samples to compare the group means, Black words (M = 98, SD = 3. 4) and Color words (M = 37, SD = 2. 3). However, there was not a significant difference between the means of black words and color words. Discussion The present experiment was designed to assess the effects of colored words on memory. I did not find a significant difference between words in black, and words in colors.This experiment was different from past research. For example, Sagi (1980) looked at the recall of colors and the ability to remember those colors versu s printed colors, whereas this experiment looked at how colors affect an individual’s memory in recalling a simple list of words. Also, Tait (1912) looked at how colors that are repeated can increase an individual’s ability to remember, where I searched to find if color could do the same thing except with words. The findings I had received were different from the other researches, in terms of not finding any significant effect.There were hopes in finding a connection to color, by means of memorization because Dreschsler (1960) found that individual’s were giving more emotional responses to colors rather than neutral, plain colors. That which showed it affected the individual and because of this association, I had hoped through this research I could find that aspect and show that color could also help individuals in terms of memorizing a list of words. MacKinnon, Geiselman, & Woodward (1985) found that individuals who looked over the words twice as long as the co ntrol group, they had recalled more of the word list.The reason this experiment had a different result is because they changed the length of time, whereas I changed the colors, which would explain why they found an increase in successful recall. The possible problem I could have encountered that caused an insignificant affect was that the word list could have been too simple for the college students. I had used such simple words so it could transfer to any age group, to make an easier generalization or another problem could have been the number of words, 20.Although I did not find a significant effect, I did show the great amount of words a college student can retain in their short-term memory. Just like in past research done by Gagnon, Soulard, Brasgold, & Kreller (2007), who found that as one increases in age, their memory and attention decreases, but much younger, college age, can remember and recall better, and faster. This experiment is still of worth, although there was no sig nificant affect, in terms of finding a way for individuals to better learn in school, and help with studying habits.It has opened doors to new ideas to better students, whether they are in elementary, or college. The next step to take is to increase the group sizes, and choose a greater variety of colors and more complex words, but not overly complex, because it still needs to be easily generalized to other individuals. If a significant affect is discovered then the aspects of favorite colors can be researched in hopes of finding ways for students to better themselves in school. References Camp, G. , Pecher, D. , Schmidt, H. G. , & Zeelenberg, R. (2009).Are independent probes truly independent? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(4), 934-942. Drechsler, R. J. (1960). Affect-simulating effects of colors. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(3), 323-328. Gagnon, S. , Soulard, K. , Brasgold, M. , & Kreller, J. (2007). Effects of normal a ging on memory for multiple contextual features. Brain and Cognition, 64(3), 208-216. MacKinnon, D. P. , Geiselman, R. E. , & Woodward, J. A. (1985). The effects of effort on stroop interference. Acta Psychologica, 58(3), 225-235. Noble, C. E. (1952).The role of stimulus meaning (r) in serial verbal learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43(6), 437-446. Radvansky, G. A. , Gibson, B. S. , & McNerney, M. W. (2011). Synesthesia and memory: Color congruency, von restorff, and false memory effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(1), 219-229. Rockway, M. , & Duncan, C. P. (1952). Pre-recall warming-up in verbal retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43(4), 305-312. Sagi, A. (1980). Color-word interference in a recall test. Journal of General Psychology, 103(1), 149-154.Tait, W. D. (1912). A short study in dislike. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 7(1), 1-4. Watkins, M. J. , & LeCompte, D. C. (1991). Inadequacy of recall as a basis for frequency knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17(6), 1161-1176. Appendix A Word Recall PowerPoint Slide Appendix B Survey Appendix C ESU IRB Approval Letter Appendix D Informed Consent Form Appendix E Debriefing Statement [pic] Figure 1. Mean recall scores for participants who either saw black words (n = 7) or color words (n = 8). Error bars show standard deviations.