Professionalism Forms The Foundation Of All...

Professionalism forms the foundation of all the responsibilities of a nurse. Professional development and implementing a career plan in nursing can result in higher retention, higher skill levels, and increased patient satisfaction. This paper will reflect on my personal strengths and weaknesses, relationships with others, and incorporate them into a professional development plan for growth. During professional development it’s important that I am able to determine what my strengths and weaknesses are to allow me to grow as a person. Some of my professional strengths include: strong leadership skills, self-motivated, hardworking, confident and built to succeed. As a nurse it’s important for me to think critically and always be ready for a challenge. In addition, due to the healthcare setting being a fast paced environment, it’s important that I have a high agility to learn. It has been proven through the years, when using evidenced-based practice, patient care has improved and this involves going away from old traditions (Potter, Perry, Stockert, and Hall, 2013). This is why being adaptable is an important quality in professionalism. Individuals who can’t change with the times often can’t grow and become stagnant. My most important strength is understanding that weaknesses are not bad, but can help me grow. For example, my biggest weakn ess is trying to maintain perfection. If perfection is not achieved, it may lead me to feel defeated. Other weaknesses that I have inShow MoreRelatedProfessionalism, Competency, And Conduct1011 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing the rules or ethical standard of the profession is what we call professionalism (Brennan Monson, 2014). It is an important aspect of a person’s work in a way that it demonstrates someone’s character, excellence, competency, and conduct. In a healthcare environment, professionalism is a foundation of a good relationship between patients and the people involve in their care. In the article entitled â€Å"What is Professionalism?†, the author stated that â€Å"we go to work each day feeling like professionalRead MoreHow to Become a Professional Nurse Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesBecoming a professional nurse, a nurse must self-regulation with knowledge to practice standards and code of ethics. One of the first stepping stone is reflecting in journal of experiential learning. â€Å"Knowledge of yourself is gained from reflecting on your experience† (Cooper, 2001, p.22). In the course Development of self as nurse I have learned how to be a professional nurse practicing the standards and code of ethics in a working environment. Also how the tools of communication is affective towardsRead MoreNhs For National Health Services Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesNHS stands for National Health Service.NHS was launched by health secretary Aneurin Bevan(1897-1960) at Park hospital in Manchester on July 5 1948.It was created out of the longheld debate that good healthcare should be available to all,regardless of their wealth.Before the establishment of NHS,the provision of healthcare was very limited.The poor people did not have access to healthcare services as they couldn t afford it and mostly people depended on religious practices to cure their diseasesRead MoreMy Nursing Ethics Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Moral Compass Marie Panao NRS 437V-0103 December 1, 2012 My Professional Moral Compass The code of ethics is an important part of the nursing foundation where nurses are directed to practice with compassion and respect for human dignity, responsibility, accountability, confidentiality and patient safety (ANA, 2012). Nurses are expected to follow this professional morals and values but also to practice their own personal standards as well. Values are one’s fundamental beliefs acquiredRead MorePhilosophy Of Nursing : Teaching Nursing1454 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction / Importance of the Philosophy of Nursing As professional nurses, we all have our different beliefs and perceptions as to the nursing profession. An individual philosophy of nursing is defined by each nurse’s belief. My philosophy of nursing is rooted in my fundamental understanding of human beings and their nature of existence, rooted in the values of accountability, compassion, and professionalism. I do believe as a nurse, one should possess the qualities of disease knowledge base, compassionRead MoreThe Image Of Nursing Has Changed Through History1107 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertisement Analysis The image of nursing has changed through history. The negative and positive portrayals of nursing in media is reinforced by media in a variety of forms, including but not limited to television, movies, newspapers, and radio advertisements. The past and current images of nursing has changed. The current nursing profession has a more accurate public and ethical image of nursing proven by the comparison of â€Å"She’ll be a good baby, Mrs. Brown† (Procter Gamble Company, 1932) andRead MoreCode of Ethics for Nurses Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: SYSTEM OF INQUIRY PAPER System of Inquiry Paper Wendell A. Garcia University of Phoenix March 18, 2008 American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Nurses Ethics is an integral part of the foundation of nursing. Nursing has a distinguished history of concern for the welfare of the sick, injured, and vulnerable and for social justice. This concern is embodied in the provision of nursing care to individuals and the community. Nursing encompasses the prevention ofRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Nurses Association1469 Words   |  6 Pagesautonomy. The American Nurses Association gives a comprehensive list of responsibilities that are to be carried out by a registered nurse. It includes performance of physical examinations, taking health histories, providing health promotion, counseling and education, administering medications, wound care and numerous other personalized interventions, interpreting the patient information and making critical decisions about needed actions, coordination of care in collaboration with a wide array ofRead MoreEthics Committees Are Formed To Help Hospital And Medical1699 Words   |  7 Pagesphysicians, nurses, administration, social work, chaplains and others. These professionals work together to assure quality patient care in their facility. To achieve their goal the members must work together with open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making. I will discuss three points related to the ethics committee, 1) the development, structure, importance and goals of the ethics committee; 2) the importance of intra-professional collaboration, including the role of the nurses; andRead MoreThe Person Centered Care ( Jackson And Irwin Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated with nursing and is a term which is recognised globally. It is used to describe the standard of care, which ensures a person/patient is at the centre at all times, and is involved in all aspects of their care and decision-making. Nurses and nursing staff alike provide, encourage and promote care that puts people at the centre at all times which includes patients, their families, their carers and helps them make informed choices about their treatment and care (Manley et al 2007). Emphasis on

The Vietnam War Was A Time Of Grief - 1308 Words

The vietnam war was a time of grief for many who left their homeland and traveled thousands of miles on rocky ships to foreign lands with foreign languages. Homes were abandoned, paperwork was feverishly gathered, and there was hope for a better life out of vietnam. Scattered within refugee camps across the world, the â€Å"boat people† desperately waited for their new life, hoping for the best. However depending on when they resettled and what their reason for leaving Vietnam was, these immigrants and refugees had different experiences starting a new life socially and economically. Tensions grew in Vietnam and the U.S. forces were sent overseas. The people of Vietnam had mixed reactions, some waited and hoped for things to get better, and some†¦show more content†¦A policy called screening took place which sorting the Vietnamese refugees into those who left the country due to political reasons and those who simply left to start a better life. Those who seeked a better life were called â€Å"economic migrants† and had a smaller chance to move to a western country than those who wanted escape from political repression. Places such as Hong Kong formally endorsed the screening policy in 1989. They wanted to exterminate any hope that they would be able to move to a western country and to discuss what should be done to people who refuse to go back to Vietnam. In December 1989 Hong Kong deported 51 refugees back to Vietnam. They had believed most of the 53,000 boat people in those camps were â€Å"economic migrants†, and had apparently forced th ose people out. They had also called for â€Å"volunteering† . The number of boat people was expanding still, even though it has been years since the Vietnamese Conflict. Other Countries are also said to have pushed and rejected 10,000 refugees. The world had possibly forgotten about the aftermath of the war that ended years ago. When these people arrived after the first wave of refugees, they received less federal refugee assistance which dropped from 36 months to 8 months. The Vietnamese refugees had a hard time staying out of poverty or has a hard time improving compared to earlier arrivers. Many new refugees were attracted to California for its welfare benefits, education, warmShow MoreRelatedHow Do You Deal With Grief?1066 Words   |  5 PagesHow do you deal with Grief? What is grief? How does one cope with grief? Grief is a state of being in deep sorrow sometimes caused by someone’s death. Everyone has a different way of dealing with grief. In Tim O’Brien’s essay, How To Tell A War Story, he gives a first class view of the time he spent serving in the Vietnam war. O’Brien describes the different ways in which him and his fellow soldiers dealt with the death of other soldiers in the platoon. By recounting stories, O’Brien processes hisRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1472 Words   |  6 PagesCarried by Tim O’Brien. 2. Many character’s develop throughout O’Brien’s novel, but there is a chapter dedicated to the entire development of Mary Anne Bell and the extreme effects the war had on her. Although Mary Anne is not involved in any other piece of the novel, she is a perfect example of the effects of war on individuals- which are an important aspect of The Things They Carried. Throughout the chapter titled â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong†, Rat Kiley tells the story of how a fellow medicRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim O’brien1610 Words   |  7 Pagesduty and so concedes to fight in Vietnam. CLIMAX †¢ During their tour of duty, the men of the Alpha Company must cope with the loss of their own men and the guilt that comes from killing and watching others die. FALLING ACTION †¢ After he returns from war, O’Brien grapples with his memories by telling stories about Vietnam. 2. MAJOR CONFLICT †¢ The men of the Alpha Company, especially Tim O’Brien, grapple with the effects—both immediate and long-term—of the Vietnam War. Characters Protagonist Tim O’BrienRead MoreVietnam Was Mass Murder Of People Of Different Socioeconomic Ideologies1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe only thing American politicians accomplished in Vietnam was mass murder of people of different socioeconomic ideologies. American politicians told blatant lies told to the American public, and forced a military draft for an unfavorable war. As a consequence, they quickly lost the majority of support on the home-front. As time progressed the nationalist Vietnamese would develop strategies to make most actions by the South Vietnamese and American militaries ineffective. Their policies ofRead MoreThe Trojan Women Movie Review642 Words   |  3 PagesThe film The Trojan Women is an anti-war film not only condemning the emotional and societal affects of war in general, but also focusing on the effects of such conflicts upon women in particular. This focus allows the story to be more universally relevant, particularly so to the mothers, wives, and daughters who watched the men in their lives being called to serve in the Vietnam War, and subsequently watched the harrowing television coverage of hundreds of body bag being shipped back home. AlthoughRead MoreThis Well Said Quote By Marshall Mcluhan Shows That Civilians1453 Words   |  6 Pageshappened on the battlefields. With the novel The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien, this proves just what the Veterans of Vietnam actually went through. With the psychological approach, one can see how PTSD affected many veterans, how loved ones were affected by the war, and how Tim O’Brien changed throughout the war. This proves that the war not only changed the veterans from Vietnam but actually the world around them. PTSD, otherwise known as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, a disease of the mind causedRead More`` The Gangster We Are All Looking For, Water Serves As A Metaphor For Mobility1729 Words   |  7 Pages Unlike Dao, the people in the novel do not recognize water with success, and in contrast, escape reality rather than staying close to it. The complexities of a country and its people struggling to maintain their agency against the consequences of war are highlighted through the experiences of a young girl. The contemporary refugee text uses movement as a desire for stability, and therefore a yearning for recognition of an identity. However, the narrator’s struggle for this recognition implies thatRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1348 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War taunted several soldiers after the forced draft and long war time memories. O’Brien presents the book as both a war memoir and a personal autobiography retrospectively . His primary motive of reiterating and working through the flashback memories is to find some meaning towards the Vietnam War. Working and reworking through the memories illuminates the raw conditions the American soldiers shared together during the time period. O’Brien spends a lot of time elaboratingRead MoreThe Effect of Vietnam War on the Soldiers1679 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War was the longest and the most unpopular American war of the twentieth century. The United States was involve in the Vietnam from 1944 to 1973, but it was only during the last years that the U.S deployed ground troops (Lawrence 1). For the first time the United states was the aggressor. Vietnam is situated thousands of miles from the United States, so Vietnam was not a direct threat to the United States’ safety. The Vietnam leader Ho Chi Minh seem to look up to the United States,Read MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1597 Words   |  7 Pagescaptivating powerful war story memoir, which is beautifully and intensely well written by Tim O Brien. The novel explores the physical and emotional trauma of the Vietnam War and its impact on soldiers fears. The author and protagonist Tim O’ Brien communicates provoking nonlinear narratives or frame stories through his own point of view presenting the audience with a window into the disturbing widespread, e ndless, and meaningless death, violence, and savagery in war-torn Vietnam. The author cleverly

Money Supply And Trading Volume Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 25 Words: 7464 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Stock market plays a significant role in the economic growth of a country. Stock exchange performance has an important role in global economics, because of their impact on economic activity. For example stock exchanges allow firms to acquire capital quickly, due to the effortlessness source of traded. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Money Supply And Trading Volume Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Stock exchange activity, therefore, plays a significant role in helping to find out the effects of macroeconomic activities. The review of literature has considerable number of studies that look at the stock prices movements. Possibly one significant subject that has inward increasing interest from economists, financial investors and policy makers is on active effects of macroeconomic pointers on stock prices. Macroeconomic forces have regular influences on stock prices by way of their influences on expected future cash flows. Stock exchange prices are extremely sensitive to essential macroeconomic pointers. The effect of different policies on the growth of an economy can be calculated by the increase in stock exchange prices (Abdullah, 1997). TheKarachi Stock Exchangeis astock exchangesituated inKarachi,Pakistan, established on 18 September, 1947 it started with 5 companies with a capital of Rs. 37 million. It is Pakistans biggest and oldest stock exchange, with a lot of Pakistan i as well as overseas listings. Its present premises are placed on Stock Exchange Road, in the heart of Karachis Business District. KSE starts with a 50 shares index. As the market developed a representative index was needed. In poor political condition, social issues, financial and other problems, KSE played a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. KSE 100-index showed a return of 40.19% and became the sixth best markets in the year 2007. It gets a biggest milestone by touching of KSE-100 Index level of 15,000 for the first time in the history of Karachi stock exchange on 20 April, 2008. On the other hand, the raise of 7.4 percent in 2008 build-up the best performer in all the emerging market. As at June 1, 2009 there were 651 companies listed at KSE with market capitalization of US $ 26.48 billion having listed capital of US $ 9.65 billion. The KSE 100TM Index closed at 9645 points on 19 June, 2010. Although by 30th July total market capitalisation of the KSE reached Rs2.95 trilli on, approximately around 35 billion dollars (Safi Ullah Khan and Faisal Rizwan, 2008). Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index(KSE-100 Index) is astock indexacting as a standard to compare prices on theKarachi Stock Exchange(KSE) over a period of time. In formative representative companies to calculate the index on, companies with the maximummarket capitalizationare selected. On the other hand, to ensure maximum market representation, the company with the maximum market capitalization from each sector is also incorporated. Karachi Stock Exchange is the largest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan. Money balances are merely one of a number of highly liquid assets which the individual may consider as part of his liquidity portfolio evaluated by the sum of financial and real assets. A steady rate of growth in the money stock matched with real growth in economic yield should generate no serious longer-run liquidity. One would expect the demand for liquidity balances to rise as real outpu t and, in return, incomes rises. Under this situation, one may think as to the forces generating general asset price modification. Possibly such alterations would be associated to the economic viewpoint, emotional pressures, and altering inclination amongst investors for financial assets. In addition, these forces would be unlinked to money stock. When the economys money supply rises, investors come across that the money portion of their assets is too huge and effort to regain the wanted portfolio mix by purchasing other assets such as stocks, compelling their prices to increase. The understanding of the stock market has long attracted mutually the academician and the stock trader. Consequently, this area has produced a number of descriptive stock market models ranging from those based upon exact analytic frame works to doubtful intuitive reasoning .Money flow-whether money is flowing into or out of a meticulous security-is supposedly an indication of present excess supply or dem and. That is, if uptick trades are supposed to be the buyer initiate and downtick trades are supposed to be seller initiate, a positive disparity between uptick dollar volume and downtick dollar volume match up to excess demand. Furthermore, proponents of by means of money flow state that existing excess demand (supply) predicts future excess demand (supply) and, as a result, positive (negative) money flow forecasts stock-price raising in a falling trend (Gllent, Rossi, and Tauchen, 1992). A several factors are attributed to the optimistic sentiment in Pakistans stock market throughout the last seven years (2000-07). These factors include: fast privatization practices of government owned enterprises, attract foreign investors in important organizations, like Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited, Electricity Supply and National Refinery and so on, allowing foreign investors to send their funds without any constraint; decrease in the interest rates by the banks; continuous de velopment in economic essentials and higher industrial growth. These aspects are attached with different rules and laws, were introduced mostly for the security of the small investors, and to get efficiency in trade by computerization and restriction insider trading. These methods were taken besides reinforcement the structure of the Security Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). These significant developments and measures have put in to the extraordinary growth in Pakistans equity market throughout the last several years (Safi Ullah Khan and Faisal Rizwan, 2008). The type of the link between money supply and common stock prices can be most defined as if a share of common stock is observed as an asset that produce its profits to the investor over time. When stock returns are linked to these better anticipations of money growth rates prior money terminologies drop practically all importance while present and particularly the next two months money terms persists to show a obvious link to current stock returns. This is a proof that stock returns predicts future monetary disorders by utilizing of information as well as information of current and past growth rates of the money supply (Barro, 1977). This study explored the relationship of Money Supply (M2) and tradingvolume of KSE 100 Index that whether they have the positive or negative relationship among them. Hence following hypothesis is constructed in order to get the desired result. The data used in this research has taken on the monthly basis. Moreover Monthly Money Supply is taken as independent variable and Monthly Trading Volume of KSE 100 Index as a dependent variable. Hypothesis: Money supply (M2) has a significant relationship with trading volume of KSE 100 Index CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Money Flow is assured as the disparity among upward and downward trading degree, has been used as an expertise pointer since the beginning of 1970s. Newly, however, the recognition of the rate has amplified radically. For instance, since October 1998, the Wall Street Journal is covering money flow for 4 main indexes and the 30 companies with the maximum and minimum flows on daily basis (Fama and K. French, 1997) Moreover much cyber investment investigating sites supply money flow statistics. Whether money is curving in or out of a specific security is supposedly a clue of present surplus supply or demand. That is, if upward trades are supposed to be consumer started and downward trades are supposed to be supplier started, an upbeat distinction among upward dollar volume and downward dollar volume relate to excess demand. Likewise, proponents of utilizing money flow state that present excess demand (supply) forecast upcoming excess demand (supply), thus, positive (negative) money fl ow predicts stock-price raise (decline) (Brown and Brooke, 1993). Trades that took place at a top (low) price than the prior trade were categorized as rising (declining) trades. Trades that happened at the same price as the prior trade do not put in to money flow and were deleted. The money flow linked with each lasting trade in the research is the dollar volume of the trade, declared positive if the trade took place on an upward and negative if the trade took place on a downward. These both money flows were aggregated to calculate the day to day money flow for each company. However money flow is also expected to have link to consequent money flow and return. Many reasonable settings are expected to upshot in such money flow determination (Barclay, 1993). Most economists are in agreement today that monetary policy has selected significance in scheming the economy, there is petite agreement as to how vital it is, or which monetary variable is the main variable. Pre-Keynesian ec onomists articulated that there was a conventional connection among the money supply and GNP. If the volume of money is doubled, for instance, for any basis, the interest rate would drop primarily. The abridged interest rate would rouse borrowing, investment and consumption while the reason to keep would be compacted. Total demand for goods and services would thus be raised and with a stable dynamic ability, prices would have to go up. Thus, once prices start to go up, the interest rate would go up again in answer to the equivalent drop in the real money supply. Prices would go up until they were doubled their initial level, thus tumbling purchasing power of the money supply to its earliest value and stability would be reinstated. The interest rate would also go back to its initial level, where saving and investment are alike. Economists first became cynical with this typical monetary theory during the depression for many good causes. For one thing, while the money supply about twic e over between 1933 and 1940, prices risen up only a little and economic doings stayed in the depressions until the huge increase in government war costs lastly drawn the country out of the doldrums (Bollerslev, 1992). In the quarter century since World War II, the reverse happening took place-the economy arouse at more than twice the rate of money supply growth. Most economists finally decided that, opposing earlier views, the link between the money supply and GNP was very floppy. In late 1940s, Keynesians measured money supply to be only one of the many factors which control the economy (Hossain, 1990). Fiscal policy is deemed to be of little significance in scheming the economy, principally in contrast to money supply. In contemporary years, the Economics Department of the University of Chicago has become the core of a new quantity theory, alike the old one, but that the Chicago School analyze that money supply straightly influence spending, apart from the trend in interest rates. Both sides see eye to eye that a more quick monetary growth, with any given fiscal policy will arouse the economy. The variation is that Keynesians see the money supply as being a more inactive factor in the inflationary illustration. Both schools of thought have a same mind that at least in the short process, a rise in bank reserves will be liable to lower interest rates since the supply of loan able funds is risen up. The new monetary theorists analyze that the increase in the money supply is so accelerated to the economy and the demand for loan able funds that in the long process interest rates certainly go up to higher levels. The cost of capital relies upon stock revenue, interest rates and certain tax changes such as the 7% investment tax credit. The main source of short-term fluctuations in personal wealth, that is wealth effect, is the oscillations in the stock market. They found credit rationing to be significant mainly for housing expenditures. When stock prices dr op sharply, consumers reduce their spending because of the cut back in their personal wealth (Chan and Lakonishok, 1995). The negative returns over weekends to transfer in the brokers shareholder balance in decision to buy sell. During the week, investors, too busy to do their personal research, tend to follow the advice of their brokers, advice that are skewed to the buy side. On the other hand, on weekends investors, free from their personal work as well as from brokers, do their personal research and tend to reach decisions to sell. The outcome is an internet excess supply at Mondays opening. It is supported by proof showing that brokers do tend to make buy recommendation, by proof that odd-lot dealings tend to be net sales, and by data showing that odd-lot volume is mainly high and institutional volume is mainly low on Mondays. Thus, individual investors tend to sell on Mondays when the shortage of institutional trading decrease liquidity. An additional explanation for the n egative weekend effect is that share prices close â€Å"too high† on Fridays or â€Å"too low† on Mondays. One alternative attributes uncommonly high Friday closing prices to settlement delay. The delay among the trade date and the settlement date charge an interest-free loan until settlement. Friday buyers get two additional days of free credit, creating an encouragement to buy on Fridays and pushing Friday prices up. The decline over the weekend reflects the removal of this incentive. Friday is the day with the best volume and with the mainly positive stock returns. KSE is termed as high-risk high return market where investors seek high-risk premium. During early nineties the non-informational factors apply greater pressure on stock market activity in Pakistan (Hossain, 1990). The primary cause for stock market declining with tight money and high interest rates, apart from the final effect on corporate earnings, is the fact that all financial assets are substitutes, at least to some extent. All the other things being alike, Increase in interest rates will give some investors opportunity to sell stocks and buy fixed income securities. The function of the stock market, in put out modifications in monetary policy to the real variables in the economy, is becoming broadly acknowledged among economists of both schools of thought. It is a concept worth deliberating in shaping investment timing strategy (Barclay and Warner, 1993). The variations in the rates of expansion of the private sectors stock of money may affect that sectors want to exchange money balances for other financial assets. This exchange, in return, may cause pressures heading to variations in the prices of these financial assets. Given these links, two common situations can be found: (1) Raise in the rate of expansion of the money stock may cause liquidity surplus. This imbalance may stimulate the private sector to exchange excess money balances for small liquid financial assets such as corporate stocks. This exchange may head to increase buying pressures on these small liquid financial assets. Strengthened buying pressures, in return, may provoke price level rising up with respect to these specific assets. (2) A drop in the rate of growth of the money stock may cause a shortfall liquidity situation. This imbalance may cause a transmission from less liquid financial assets into money. The conclusion of the private sectors effort to acquire liquidity balance may cause selling pressures on these less liquid financial assets which may generate general price dropdown (Granger, 1996). Conversion of money into near money holdings will not alter the private sectors money stock. Movements of funds into such nonbank financial intermediaries as Savings and Loan Associations just transfer the holdings of money balances i.e., from individuals to nonbank institutions-but do not modify the dollar amount exceptions. It should be observed, however, that currency wit h-drawls (transfer from demand deposits into currency) by individuals will trim the reserve base of commercial banks and thus restricting their offering capacity. If no counter policy is commenced by the Federal Reserve System, the capacity of commercial banks to make loans and, in return, increase the nations money supply, will be diminished (Chan and Lakonishok, 1995). Money balances are merely one of a number of highly liquid assets which the individual may consider as part of his liquidity portfolio evaluated by the sum of financial and real assets. A steady rate of growth in the money stock matched with real growth in economic yield should generate no serious longer-run liquidity. One would expect the demand for liquidity balances to rise as real output and, in return, incomes rises. Under this situation, one may think as to the forces generating general asset price modification. Possibly such alterations would be associated to the economic viewpoint, emotional pressures, an d altering inclination amongst investors for financial assets. In addition, these forces would be unlinked to money stock (and liquidity) changes (Berkman, 1978). Some proposals about the stock market are broadly accepted, most of members of the financial community possibly agree that alterations in Federal Reserve Board monetary policy tightly affect changes in stock prices. Since past 10 years, the significance of the rate of money supply expansion to the economy and to the stock market has been increasingly acknowledged. For many stock market analysts, money supply movements are now handed as advanced indicators of trends in central bank monetary policy and are regularly deduce as proposing updates about future stock price movements. Margin requirements, the discount rate, federal funds rates, reserve requirements and statements by Fed officials are broadly conveyed in the financial press and are recognized indicators of whether monetary policy is tapering or slackening, with the anticipation that a tighter monetary policy will be linked with falling stock prices and a simpler monetary policy with increasing stock prices. Business cycle turning points are linked with previous alterations in the rate of growth of the money stock (Rosa, 1999). Predictive form of the monetary portfolio model describes how modifications in growth rates of monetary accumulates heading changes in the prices of stocks (and financial assets) and lead amendments in prices of consumer goods and services. The monetary portfolio model sees investors as holding portfolios of such assets as stocks, bonds, durable goods and money. Investors decide the fraction of wealth they desire to hold in the form of money. When the economys money supply rises, investors come across that the money portion of their assets is too huge and effort to regain the wanted portfolio mix by purchasing other assets such as stocks, compelling their prices to increase (Karpoff, 1987). Sprinkle outlooks this chain as consuming enough time that one can foretell stock price alterations given information of precedent money supply movements. His main propositions are that as an indicator, the money supply sequence heads stock prices and that the sharp investor can avail this leading indicator to gain above-average profits in stock market investment. These statements have gone greatly unbeaten. Certainly, though that monetary change leads to stock price change using money data which they state is more returnable than a corresponding-risk, naive policy of buying-and-holding stocks. Thus there is a upright body of view that consider the money supply as an indicator by which movements in stock prices can be predicted (Michael, 1974). The capable market model also offer a clarification for the markdown of future proceedings by the stock market. If information goes up in current that has implications for future stock prices, investor activity will change the current price level so that the pre dicted proceeding is marked down in todays price. Since discounting can happen with respect to uncirculated as well as circulated information, the stock market can be competent with respect to uncirculated information; that is, prices may wholly show uncirculated as well as circulated information. In the occurrence of money supply movements, a situation can simply be pictured in which knowledge (published and unpublished) becomes accessible which permits investors to predict (correctly) preceding money growth rates. Thus, in a competent market, it would not be at all shocking to uncover that stock prices alteration in prediction of money supply changes if investors bring into play the substitute sources of information to estimate the heading course of the money supply. Also, market onlookers may extract implications about future money supply growth by viewing money market rates and present and predicted Treasury financings (Bollerslev, 1996). If investors deem money supply data t o be positive for stock prices and if the stock market is competent, then struggle by investors aiming to use stated information about alterations in the money supply will upshot in a level of stock prices. A statistical technique that beats these problems and offers a potent test of the power of money supply modifications on stock prices is linear regression. This scheme gives a clear measure of the fraction of the change in stock prices linked with prior changes in money growth rates. Moreover, with this statistical technique, a testimony can be made of the probably that any pattern shown in the data could have happened by chance (Brown and B. Brooke, 1993), The short of a association among stock returns and prior money data is at first glimpse an upsetting outcome for monetarists (those economists who have emphasis the main role that the money supply plays in changing the price level). Though, the similar linear regression method that shows the trivia of prior changes in the m oney supply to stock prices demonstrate that the current or consecutive money supply change is fairly important. The monthly money data in the phase since World War II, for example, can reveal about 4 to 10 per cent of the change in stock returns once the current money data is considered. Variations in monetary growth rates are solidly linked to the stock market once the current changes are taken account for, a outcome that pact with the monetarist view of Sprinkle and that monetary policy have impact on markets. But there is no proof of long delays in stock market response, therefore, of any possibility of returnable expecting stock prices, using variations in monetary policy; prior data has been wholly showed in stock prices of past periods, So cannot help to guess future movements. In addition, a non-expected form of the monetary portfolio models appears to turn the facts while a predictive form does not. That information may be accessible to the stock market that allows an precise review of upcoming money supply growth and that current stock prices reveals this information. At a minimum, if past money supply growth offers a sign of future money growth, the inference of past money growth for upcoming money growth would be marked down in a capable market (Wang, 1990) Further than, present data on the monetary base, money market situations, etc., may offer a foundation for consistent foretells of future money growth. If the stock market unfailingly and precisely predicts upcoming monetary growth, it is anticipated to one look a link among current price changes and future recognized money supply variations. To examine for this link, we summed up upcoming variations in money growth rates to the present and prior terms by now present in the linear regression explaining present stock returns. On a monthly footing, in all periods and sub periods and with numerous meanings of money, the outcome is a remarkable and progress in the relationship between stock returns and variations in money supply growth. In the era of 1960s, for example, the influence of the money terminologies to describe stock returns leaped from about two to 16 per cent once we add up upcoming money changes. This numerically important link reveals that a significant fraction of the changes viewed in present stock prices can be associated to following variations in monetary growth rates. The link is also a positive one; more than usual stock price rises are linked with subsequent more than usual money growth rates (Karpoff, 1987). The conduct of stock price varies over changes in money growth rates is 1 to 2 months. The escort of stock returns over future monetary growth continues under some different money supply meanings and utilizing some forms of data weekly, monthly or quarterly. It can be revealed to continue under a more precise test. If a test is held for the accessible sequence of comments of money growth rates, it can be viewed (using regression methods) that when money growth is bothered from its normal track, the disturbance continues for additional months (Gllent, Rossi, and Tauchen, 1992). Therefore a higher (lower) growth rate of the money supply noted today foreshadows a higher (lower) growth rate for the upcoming months. This propensity for monetary disturbances to continue defines that information of prior money supply growth assists to anticipate future money supply growth. Probably stock returns seem to predict future money growth rates as stock prices bend to the current growth rate and the disorder in the current growth rate is predicted to continue to test this speculation constructed new methods of future unpredicted growth rates that considered the inclinations for monetary disorders to continue (Chan and Lakonishok, 1995). When stock returns are linked to these better anticipations of money growth rates prior money terminologies drop practically all importance while present and particularly the next two months money terms persists to show a obvious link to current stock returns. This is a proof that stock returns predicts future monetary disorders by utilizing of information as well as information of current and past growth rates of the money supply. Not only is the money supply a bad indicator of upcoming variation in security prices, the current movement of stock prices offers information on upcoming money supply movements (Fama and K French, 1997). This link of money and stock prices, which is the overturn of what money supply observers have been led to anticipate, under-scores the uselessness of making effort to expect stock price movements with money supply info. It provides more evidence of a proficient stock market for which money seems to matter, though the link process in an unanticipated way. The movement of stock prices prior to money supply varies may be considered as proof that the monetary concerns are responding to prior stock price movements. This analysis is accurate with the viewed association but does increase the hard question why the Fed would drop monetary growth after viewing draping stock returns and vice versa-a policy which, in the usual view, would entail still lower stock prices. A second probable understanding is that stock prices and Federal Reserve concerns responds to the similar information but with stock prices responding more rapidly than the Fed. Growing interest rates, for example, are escorted by dropping stock prices, other things similar. Increasing interest rates are also on average followed by lower monetary growth rates though the link is a poor one. Joint associations with variables such as interest rates may define why stock prices of prior periods, hence cannot assist to anticipate future movements. In addition, a non-predictive form of the monetary portfolio model seems to suit the facts while a predictive form does not (Rosa, 1999). Though economic methods have been practiced with a level of success in studies of control lers of individual common stock prices, fairly little attentions has been given to the use of these methods in foretelling shorts run movements in collective indices of common stock prices. This deficiency of attentions is not shocking since precise forecasts of the average degree stock prices are of clear and practical importance for knowing the timing of stock markts investment ideas. In aaddition, econometric forecasting methods have the significant advantage that they produce upshots that are objective and quantitative and be constantly imitated (Berkman, 1978). It remain authentic, that the practise of economic methods to stock market foretelling is hard. The main difficulty is that any supposed link between stock prices and economic variables must rely strictly on predicted factors. Hence, given the restricted success econometicians have had in clarifying the establishment of predictions, it is obvious that a whole structural requirement of the determinants of stock prices is not promising at this time. On the other hand, this dilemma need not introduce the cradle of partial links between economice variables and a stock index. As a result, it seems valuableat this time to assume at least an research study of the significance of economic methods foretelling the average degree of stock prices (Richard, 1974). The type of the link between money supply and common stock prices can be most defined as if a share of common stock is observed as an asset that produce its profits to the investor over time. When stock returns are linked to these better anticipations of money growth rates prior money terminologies drop practically all importance while present and particularly the next two months money terms persists to show a obvious link to current stock returns. This is a proof that stock returns predicts future monetary disorders by utilizing of information as well as information of current and past growth rates of the money supply (Barro, 1977). The main reason for the affect of money supply on dividends functions through the firms present and predicted earnings. Provided the demand for money, a drop in the supply of money will increase interest rates and decrease interest precise expenditures like capital investment. The drop down in expenditures, together with the recognized multiplier, will then set off a decrease in firms sales and thus reduce in its earning. The period of the effect of the reduced earnings on dividends may rely on the firms cash flow and liquidity position, but eventually the whole effect must be a reduce in dividends. Though the current price of the common stock share will drop if current dividends are dropped, the important point of leverage for result of the money supply is on the predicted growth rate of dividends .For this reason, the predicted results of the money supply on dividends are as significant as any other actual short run results in knowing the reactions of the share price (Michael, 1974). T he affect of the money supply on thesafe interest rate elements of the investors cut down rate is a direct function of the effect of the money supply on market interest rates. The open increase in market interest rates due to risen monetary tightness may, in addition, be praticed by credit rationing in the loan market. The deteriorating situation of law and order and making up political uncertainity dangerously influenced the stock prices. A vast part of capital inflow in stock market was because of portfolio investment. the inflow and out flow of capital relies on the political and economic situation of the country. It is also created excessive fluctuation in stock market. In this situation, monetary tightness will increase the discount rate by an amount larger than would or may b indicated by the degree of market interest rates alone.as the effect of dividends on money supply, it should be emphasized that the main impact of the money supply on the safe interest rate is in terms of the variations in the predicted readings for upcoming levels of this rate relatively than in the original variation in the current value (Diamond, 1981). Though the main channels for the impact of the money supply on the price of common stock shares can be differetiated in the heading way, a plain form for the links must be mentioned if the link is to be assumed and utilized for forecasting. By having thses turning points in a stock prices index compared with the turning points in the groth of money, sprinkle framed an investment rule that,a bear market in stock prices was predicted 15 months after each peak in monetary growth, and that a bul market was predicted two moths after eac monetary growth trough was reached (Granger, 1996). The link between the money supply and thestock market is created using the methods of regression analysis. Comparitively the regression analysis has more advantages. It allows for more elasticity in makin particular lagged associations. In specific, particular peaks in the money stock and monetary growth sequence do not have to be simply recognised. The forecasts caused by a regression equation are quantitative and the recognised mistake attritbute that the unsurity linked with the forecast can be considered when planning an investment strategy (Chan and Lakonishok, 1995). Announcements about economic variables may also have impact on trading volume if the market member resetting their portfolios based on some new knowledge. If market member disapprove the impacts of surprises in announcements, there should be risen up trading actions in the market quickly after the announcements. In difference, if they are in agreement about the impact of new information, trading actions may not be unusual even when prices vary. Thus, testing the trading activity offers useful info about the activities taken by the market members based on macroeconomic news that stock returns alone cannot do (Bollerslev, 1996). Financial market members are cautious viewers of the weekly money supply declaration, and usually agree that the announcement often heads to variations in interest rates. This happens because the announcement leads market members to rethink their anticipations both of future federal reserve policy activities and of upcoming economic situations (Granger, 1996). Real growth of the money supply heads to less interest rates through a liquidity impact. Though, quick monetary growth which is not expected channels market members to predict the federal reserve to reducet such growth in the future. As a result, there may be a policy expectation impact which is responsible for higher interest rates in prediction of future tightening. in addition, prolonged quick monetary growth also causes inflation and inflationary anticipations which creates higher interest rates. therefore, there may be a third impact, the inflationary anticipations effect which also creates higher interest rates (Karpoff, 1987). The policy exp ectation effect is best defined by example. Assume that the declared variation in the money supply ismore than that expected by market members on the cause of priorexperience and policy announcements. assume more that monetary growth is the federal reserves policy concern. it would, thus, be right to anticipate that the federal reserve will make effort to decrease the growth of the money supply. Policy activities to do so would rise the federal funds rate and in result other market interest rates would also increase in expectations. Thats why, the policy anticipation effect of an unanticipated increase in the money supply is rising in market production. a liquidity impact which goes down produces when the money supply go up is not a same reaction to the money supply announcement because the liquidity effect happens when open market actions are organized (Chaudhary and Parai, 1991). The announcement made at the end of the week offers data for the money supply on wednesday of the prio r week. Furthermore, the money supply is influenced by the open market actions which happened some time earlier. Though growth in money supply can lead market members to rethink upward their anticipations of inflation and certainly of real growth, such reactions are both constant and delayed. Hence, the rapid impact result of the anticipation of a reaction by the federal reserve. a variation in federal reserve policy can happen on the day after the announcement when open market actions are held during early 90s the non-informational influences hugely affect on stock market operations in pakistan. these causes include structured variations in stock market, planning and making the stock price index, founded on market capitalization. These were the cosequences of financial liberalisation and deregulation policy. This has significant influence in the form of undefined and risk aversion. Because of uncertain regulatory and poor enforcement of policies,its increasing the problem like insi der trading and unchecked margin requirement trading. as a consequence these caused the leverage which can simply forced investors in bankruptcy problem if the investors anticipation about future prices are not acknowledged. Numerous huge project in private sectors like ptcl, hubco and others which drwan the investors mainly the foreign investors took away all excess liquidity, which in result sparked off the stock selling for desire of liquidity and this caused price fluctuations. preferential treatment for broker as jobber and involvement in speculative trade were also the cause of uncertain fluctuation in prices (Siddiqui, 1990). The deteriorating situation of law and order and making up political uncertainity dangerously influenced the stock prices. A vast part of capital inflow in stock market was because of portfolio investment. the inflow and out flow of capital relies on the political and economic situation of the country. It is also created excessive fluctuation in stock ma rket. The link between stock prices and trading volume in context of karachi stock markets daily data for very small time period i.e. nine months data. he discovered that importance of non-informational trade in defining the fluctuations in stock prices. the role of non-informational trade on stock prices is defined by introducing the variations in volume as non-information factor.the trading volume is multiplied with returns. trading volume gives the weightage to returns on those days when trading volume is higher than the returns on the days when it is normal. By this the impact of returns on the days of higher trade on the next day returns can be determined (Hossain, 1990). CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Sample size and sampling technique: The Sample size chosen for the analysis is 58, the data of 58 consecutive months have been taken for analysis. 3.2 Data used: Secondary data is used in this research to analysis this data. 3.3 Method of Data collection: Data of two variable i-e Money Supple (M2) and Trading volume of KSE 100 index was collected from State bank of Pakistan and Karachi Stock Exchange respectively. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 4.1 Reliability Test: Hence in this research, secondary data is used and the internal consistency of the data extracted from the sources needs to be determind so for this reason Reliability analysis has been analysed and research has found that data is reliable and consistent. Reliability analysis allows studying the properties of scales of measurement and the things that build them up. The Reliability Analysis procedure calculates a number of frequently used procedures of level reliability and also gives information about the associations between individual items mentioned in the scale. Table 4.1: Reliability test Cronbachs Alpha is the internal consistency model which is based on the average correlation. Here the value of Cronbachs Alpha is 0.848 which indicates that the data is consistent. 4.2 Hypothesis testing: In this research, Hypothesis constructed was as followed and for testing this hypothesis regression analysis has been used to analysis and interpretation of the data: Hypothesis: Money supply (M2) has a significant relationship with trading volume of KSE 100 Index The above table shows the three variables that are used in performing the analysis these are Volume of Shares, Money Supply and Lag on first Level. Sample size chosen for the analysis is 58. Table 4.3: Correlation The above table shows the correlation among the variables, as we can observe that significant value of correlation test is less than 0.05 it means that there is correlation exist among the variable. The Relationship between Money Supply and Volume is negative or inversely proportional; correlation values for Volume and Money Supply is -.625. Table 4.4: Durbin Watson Initially when research applied the Simple Linear regression it has been identified a problem that there was a strong presence of Positive autocorrelation in the data set as the value of Durbin Watson was 0.959. In order to resolve the issue lags was generated up to the 2 levels out of which lag 1 becomes significant for the model. Table 4.5: Model Summary As it can be observed that the Adjusted R Square for the above model is 0.536 that is 53.6%, it means that our independent variable sets are explaining 53.6% of the variation in dependent variable. For e.g. if 1 unit change occurs in the independent variable set the change in the dependent variable is 0.536. From the above table we can observe that the Durbin Watson Value is 1.817 that is near to the value of 2 it means that we have solve the problem of Auto correlation in the data set. Table 4.6: ANOVA The regression value is less than 0.05 in the ANOVAs table it means that regression model is suitable to apply on the data set. The constant value for the above model is 6060 it means that if the money supply is equal to zero the volume of sha res is equal to 6060.651. The beta value for the lag 1 is 0.512, lag 1 means that the volume of shares on any day is dependent on the last day volume. For e.g. if 1 unit change occur in the last day volume the change it will bring in today volume is 0.512 of the last day. The Beta value of money supply is equal to -0.001 it means that there is negative relation exist among the money supply and volume of shares for e.g. if 1 unit increase take place in the money supply the volume of shares will decrease by 0.001. Variance Inflation Factors values are equal to 1.540 less than two, it means there is no existence of multi-co linearity in the data set. It has been proved from the above analysis that there is a significant relationship exist between money supply and Volume of KSE 100 Index, our Null Hypothesis is rejected. From the above diagram we can clearly understand the trend of volume over the passing years, in 2004 the volumes range were between 6000 to 7000 but in 2005 there was a huge jump observed in the volumes. We can observe the variation in the volume by the size of the Box Plot. After 2006 as we can see volumes are showing declining trend and in 2009 (economic recession period) the volumes are on very low side as compare to last six years. Graph 4.9: Money supply per year We can clearly observe from the above table that money supply has been increased in the last six years and in 2009 the money supply was enormous as compare to last five years. Stock markets are the true representative of the economy, if there will be a presence of high inflation in the country the investors shrink their business activities due to the chances of currency devaluation. The business activities shrink out and people are not willing to invest in the stocks. Government will inject more money in the market in order to increase the money supply as more money is required to buy the same commodities. Whenever economic recession occurs the activities in the stock mar kets shrinks, people are getting their money out from the market and doesnt willing to invest again until and unless they foresee the improvements in the economic conditions of a country. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION Stock market plays an important role in the economic development of a country. Stock exchange performance has attained significant role in global economics and financial markets, due to their impact on corporate finance and economic activity. For instance stock exchanges enable firms to acquire capital quickly, due to the ease with which securities are traded. Stock exchange activity, thus, plays an important role in helping to determine the effects of macroeconomic activities. The Karachi stock exchange has played a very significant role in the economy of Pakistan. Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index(KSE-100 Index) is astock indexacting as a benchmark to compare prices on theKarachi Stock Exchange(KSE) over a period of time. In determining representative companies to compute the index on, companies with the highestmarket capitalizationare selected. However, to ensure full market representation, the company with the highest market capitalization from each sector is also included. Kara chi Stock Exchange is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan. The money flow linked with each lasting trade in the research is the dollar volume of the trade, declared positive if the trade took place on an upward and negative if the trade took place on a downward. These both money flows were aggregated to calculate the day to day money flow for each company. However money flow have link to consequent money flow and return. This research was mainly focusing on the relation between the money supply and trading volume of Karachi stock exchange. The findings showed that there is a correlation among the money supply and the trading volume has exist due to its significant value of correlation. The Relationship between Money Supply and Volume is negative or inversely proportional. Hence, finding by using the regression model, the money supply is equal to zero the volume of shares indicating that the volume of shares on any day is dependent on the last day volume and there is negative relation exist among the money supply and volume of shares as there is no existence of multi-co linearity in the data set. It has been proved that there is a significant relationship exist between money supply and Volume of KSE 100 Index, Null Hypothesis is not rejected. It has concluded from the research finding and results that the money supply has been increased in the last six years and in 2009 the money supply was enormous as compare to last five years. Stock markets are the true representative of the economy, if there will be a presence of high inflation in the country the investors shrink their business activities due to the chances of currency devaluation. The business activities shrink out and people are not willing to invest in the stocks. Government will inject more money in the market in order to increase the money supply as more money is required to buy the same commodities. Whenever economic recession occurs the activities in the stock markets shrinks, p eople are getting their money out from the market and doesnt willing to invest again until and unless they foresee the improvements in the economic conditions of a country.

Essay on censorship - 846 Words

â€Å"Censorship is the act of suppressing publications, movies, television programs, plays, letters, and so on that are considered to be obscene, blasphemous, or politically unacceptable† (MccGwire 4). Censorship should be enforced because it is needed into today’s society. Censorship needs to be used in media, hate speech, and obscene material. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To begin with, the media has very negative effect on society as a whole. â€Å"The mass media—movies, television, and recordings—need to be regulated, and not only because of appeals to irresponsible lust†(Lowenthal 19). â€Å"They have immersed us in violence as well, habituated us to the most extreme brutality, held it up as a model and surrounded us by images of hateful human†¦show more content†¦It corrupts taste and poisons the imagination† (Kimball 20). Violent video games, movies, and music lyrics influence people to retaliate against those people that hurt them. In the past few years there have been a great number of school shootings. Many of these shootings were copied off of famous movie scenes and video games. These obscene aspects of the media need to be banned from children. Children are still learning the difference between rights and wrong, therefore adults need to take on this responsibility of censoring wh at children watch, read, play with, and listen to. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hate speech should also be banned. â€Å"Free speech has a class line. It also has a class responsibility. One person’s beliefs cannot cross the line into threats of violence. Free speech does not cover that† (Albano 31). â€Å"Those institutions most concerned with social fairness have proven to be the ones most likely to promulgate anti-hate-speech rules† (Albano 30). â€Å"Part of the reason seems to be recognition that hate speech can easily silence and demoralize its victims, discouraging them from participating in the life of the institution†(Albano 30). â€Å"If so, enacting hate-speech rules may be evidence of a commitment to democratic dialogue, rather than the opposite, as some their opponents maintain† (Albano 30). People should not have to put up with harassment by others. People should not have to constantly live in the state of fear because others are threatening them;Show MoreRelatedCensorship : Censorship And Censorship Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn the modern sense, political correctness has become a form of censorship. 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Carrie Chapter Nineteen Free Essays

string(104) " little more than a footpath – wound up the rise of land to the right, angling away from Route 6\." He smiled. ‘Maybe.’ But he wouldn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Carrie Chapter Nineteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not any more. ‘Come on. We’re going to town.’ They went downstairs and through the empty dance hall, where chairs were still pushed back and beers were standing flat on the tables. As they went out through the fire door Billy said: ‘This place sucks. anyway.’ They got into his car, and he started it up. When he popped on the headlights, Chris began to scream, hands in fists up to her cheeks. Billy felt it at the same time: Something in his mind. (came came came came) a presence. Carrie was standing in front of them, perhaps seventy feet away. The high beams picked her out in ghastly horror-movie blacks and whites, dripping and clotted with blood. Now much of it was her own. The hilt of the butcher knife still protruded from her shoulder, and her gown was covered with dirt and grass stain. She had crawled much of the distance from Carlin Street, half fainting, to destroy this roadhouse – perhaps the very one where the doom of her creation had begun. She stood swaying, her arms thrown out like the arms of a stage hypnotist, and she began to totter toward them. It happened in the blink of a second. Chris had not had time to expend her first scream. Billy’s reflexes were good and his reaction was instantaneous. He shifted into low, popped the clutch, and floored it. The Chevrolet’s tyres screamed against the asphalt, and the car sprang forward like some old and terrible mancater. The figure swelled in the windshield and as it did the presence became louder (CARRIE CARRIE CARRIE) and louder (CARRIE CARRIE CARRIE) like a radio being turned up to full volume. Time seemed to close around them in a frame and for a moment they were frozen even in motion: Billy (CARRIE just like the dogs CARRIE jut like the goddam dogs CARRIE brucie i wish i could CARRIE be CARRIE you) and Chris (CARRIE Jesus not to kill her CARRIE didn’t mean to kill her CARRIE billy i dont CARRIE want to CARRIE see it CA) and Carrie herself (see the wheel car wheel gas pedal i see the WHEEL o god my heart my heart my heart) And Billy suddenly felt his car turn traitor, come alive, slither in his hands, The Chevvy dug around in a smoking half-circle, straight pipes racketing, and suddenly the clapboard side of The Cavalier was swelling, swelling, swelling and (this is) they slammed into it at forty, still accelerating, and wood sprayed up in a neon-tinted detonation. Billy was thrown forward and the steering column speared him. Chris was thrown into the dashboard. The gas tank split open, and fuel began to puddle around the rear of the car. Part of one straight pipe fell into it, and the gas bloomed into flame. Carrie lay on her side, eyes closed, panting thickly. Her chest was on fire. She began to drag herself across the parking lot, going nowhere. (momma i’m sorry it all went wrong o momma o please o please i hurt so bad momma what do i do) And suddenly it didn’t seem to matter any more, nothing would matter if she could turn over, turn over and see the stars, turn over and look once and die. And that was how Sue found her at two o’clock. When Sheriff Doyle left her, Sue walked down the Street and sat on the steps of the Chamberlain U-Wash-It. She stared at the burning sky without swing it. Tommy was dead. She knew it was true and accepted it with an case that was dreadful. And Carrie had done it. She had no idea how she knew it, but the conviction was as pure and right as arithmetic. Time passed. It didn’t matter. Macbeth, hath murdered sleep and Carrie hath murdered time. Pretty good. A bon mot Sue smiled dolefully. Can this be the end of our heroine, Miss Sweet Little Sixteen? No worries about the country club and Kleen Korners now. Not ever. Gone. Burned out. Someone ran past, blabbering that Carlin Street was on fire. Good for Carlin Street. Tommy was gone. And Carrie had gone home to murder her mother. () She sat bolt upright, staring into the darkness. () She didn’t know how she knew. It bore no relationship to anything she had ever read about telepathy. There were no pictures in her head, no great white flashes of revelation, only prosaic knowledge; the way you know summer follows spring, that cancer can kill you, that Carrie’s mother was dead already, that (!!!!!) Her heart row thickly in her chest. Dead? She examined in her knowledge of the incident, trying to disregard the insistent weirdness of knowing from nothing. Yes, Margaret White was dead, something to do with her heart. But she had stabbed Carrie. Carrie was badly hurt. She was There was nothing more. She got up and ran back to her mother’s car. Ten minutes later she parked on the corner of Branch and Carlin Street, which was on fire. No trucks were available to fight the blaze yet, but saw-horses had been put across both ends of the street, and greasily smoking roads pots lit a sign which said; DANGER! LIVE WIRES! Sue cut through two back yards and forced her way through a budding hedge that scraped at her, white short, stiff bristles. She came out one yard from the White’s house and crossed over. The house was in flames, the roof blazing. It was impossible to even think about getting close enough to look in. But in the strong firelight she saw something better. the splashed trail of Carrie’s blood. She followed it with her head down, past the larger spots where Carrie had rested, through another hedge, across a Willow Street back yard, and then through an undeveloped tangle of scrub pine and oak. Beyond that, a short, unpaved spur – little more than a footpath – wound up the rise of land to the right, angling away from Route 6. You read "Carrie Chapter Nineteen" in category "Essay examples" She stopped suddenly as doubt struck her with vicious and corrosive force. Suppose she could find her? What then? Heart failure? Set on fire? Controlled and forced to walk in front of an oncoming car or fire engine? Her peculiar knowledge told her Carrie would be capable of all things. (find a policeman) She giggled a little at that one and sat down in the grass, which was silked with dew. She had already found a policeman. And even supposing Otis Doyle had believed her, what then? A mental picture came to her of a hundred desperate manhunters surrounding Came, demanding her to hand over her weapons and give up. Carrie obediently raises her hands and plucks her head from her shoulders. Hands it to Sheriff Doyle, who solemnly puts it in a wicker basket marked People’s Exhibit A. (and tommy’s dead) Well, well. She began to cry. She put her hands over her face and sobbed into them. A soft breeze snuffled through the juniper bushes on top of the hill. More fire engines screamed by on Route 6 like huge red hounds in the night. (the town’s burning down o well) She had no idea how long she sat there, crying in a grainy half-doze. She was not even aware that she was following Carrie’s progress toward The Cavalier, no more than she was aware of the process of respiration unless she thought about it. Carrie was hurt very badly, was going on brute determination alone at this point. It was three miles out to The Cavalier, even across-country, as Carrie was going. Sue (watched? thought? doesn’t matter) as Carrie fell in a brook and dragged herself out, icy and shivering. It was really amazing that she kept going. But of course it was for Momma. Momma wanted her to be the Angel’s Fiery Sword, to destroy- (she’s going to destroy that too) She got up and began to run clumsily, not bothering to follow the trail of blood. She didn’t need to follow it any more. From The Shadow Exploded (pp. 164-165): Whatever any of us may think of the Carrie White affair, it is over. It’s time to turn to the future. As Dean McGuffin points out, in his excellent Science Yearbook article, if we refuse to do this, we will almost certainly have to pay the piper – and the price is apt to be a high one. A thorny moral question is raised here. Progress is already being made toward complete isolation of the TK gene. It is more or less assumed in the scientific community (see, for instance, Bourke and Hannegan’s ‘A View Toward Isolation of the TK Gene with Specific Recommendations for Control Parameters’ in Mocrobiology Annual, Berkeley: 1982) that when a testing procedure is established, all school-age children will undergo the test as routinely as they now undergo the TB skin-patch. Yet TK is not a germ; it is as much a part of the afflicted person as the colour of his eyes. If overt TK ability occurs as a part of puberty, and if this hypothetical TK test is performed on children entering the first grade, we shall certainly be forewarned. But in this case, is forewarned forearmed? If the TB test shows positive a child can be treated or isolated. If the TK test shows positive, we have no treatment except a bullet in the head. And how is it possible to isolate a person who will eventually have the power to knock down all walls? And even if isolation could be made successful, would the American people allow a small, pretty girl-child to be ripped away from her parents at the first sign of puberty to be locked in a bank vault for the rest of her life? I doubt it. Especially when The White Commission has worked so hard to convince the public that the nightmare in Chamberlain was a complete fluke. Indeed, we seem to have returned to Square One. From the sworn testimony of Susan Snell, taken before The State Investigatory Board of Maine (from The White Commission Report), pp. 306-472: Q. Now, Miss Snell, the Board would like to go through your testimony concerning your alleged meeting with Carrie White in The Cavalier parking lot A. Why do you keep asking the same questions over and over? I’ve told you twice already. Q. We want to make sure the record is correct in every A. You want to catch me in a lie, isn’t that what you really mean? You don’t think I’m telling the truth, do YOU? Q. You say you came upon Carrie at A. Will you answer me? Q. -at 2:00 on the morning of May 28th. Is that correct? A I’m not going to answer any more questions until you answer the one I just asked. Q. Miss Snell, this body is empowered to cite you for contempt if you refuse to answer on any other grounds than Constitutional ones. A. I don’t care what you’re empowered to do. I’ve lost someone I love. Go and throw me in jail. I don’t care. I – go to hell. All of you, go to hell. You’re trying to †¦ to †¦ I don’t know, crucify me or something. Just lay off me! (A short recess) Q. Miss Snell, are you willing to continue your testimony at this time? A. Yes. But I won’t be badgered. Mr Chairman. Q. Of course not, young lady. No one wants to badger you. Now you claim to have come upon Carrie in the parking lot of this tavern at 2:00. Is that correct? A. Yes. Q. You knew it was 2:00? A. I was wearing the watch you see on my wrist right now. Q. To be sure. Isn’t The Cavalier better than six miles from where you left your mother’s car? A. It is by the road. It’s close to three as the crow flies. Q. You walked this distance? X Yes. Q. Now you testified earlier that you ‘knew’ you were getting close to Carrie. Can you explain this? A. No. Q. Could you smell her? A. What? Q. Did you follow your nose? (Laughter in the galleries) A. Are you playing games with me? Q. Answer the question, please. A. No. I didn’t follow my nose. Q. Could you see her? A. No. Q. Hear her? A. No. Q. Then how could you possibly know she was there? A. How did Tom Quillan know? Or Cora Simard? Or poor Vic Mooney? How did any of them know? Q. Answer the question, miss. This is hardly the place or the time for impertinence. A. But they did say they ‘just knew,’ didn’t they? I read Mrs Simard’s testimony in the paper! And what about the fire hydrants that opened themselves? And the gas pumps that broke their own locks and turned themselves on? The power lines that climbed down off their poles! And Q. Miss Snell, please A. Those things are in the record of this Commission’s proceedings! Q. This is not an issue here. A. Then what is? Are you looking for the truth or just a scapegoat? How to cite Carrie Chapter Nineteen, Essay examples

The Black Community In Roll Of Thunder free essay sample

The Black Community In? Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry? Essay, Research Paper In the 19th Century, in the United States of America, there was a typical division of the northern provinces and the southern provinces. During this clip, the North was thriving with New York going an of import concern Centre of the universe. The North was surely more industrialized than the South, which was much more agriculturally based. Huge plantations of land were built to reap merchandises such as cotton and sugar. However, due to the sum of work involved, inexpensive labor was favorable to most plantation proprietors. One beginning of this inexpensive labor came in the signifier of bondage, a usage that has existed across the universe for 1000s of old ages, but these slaves were obtained by capturing and viciously transporting immature Africans from South Africa. Out of every 200 slaves that were sent off from Africa, it is said that a mere 60 survived, and even so, were close to decease. They were whipped until they bled and were washed with salt H2O, which must hold been agonizing. They were hardly fed and locked in the hull of the ship like farm animal. Sing the mean clip for a North Atlantic crossing was three months, the sum of ferociousness they were subjected to must hold been awful. Once they arrived in America, the slaves were sold to wealthy households or plantation proprietors. If they were lucky, they would be sold to a good maestro, but constantly, they were treated as objects, to be worked until they died. Many tried to get away, few succeeded, and if caught, they were badly punished. Cruel Masterss punished their slaves depending on the offense, but it normally involved losing a limb. The Northern portion of the USA strongly believed that bondage was barbarous and incorrect. The statements between the North and the South were chiefly over readings of the US fundamental law. These wrangles continued into the 1860? s, the clip that Abraham Lincoln became President. In 1861, the American Civil War broke out between the North and the South. At first, the North was contending for the reunion of the two sides to organize a great USA once more, but the South was contending for its independency. However, when President Lincoln issued the emancipation announcement, the motivation changed. The South fought against the abolishment of bondage and the North fought for its abolishment. The Northern triumph in 1865 secured the terminal of bondage for good. In the old ages following, came the period of racial accommodation and all slaves were liberated. This was much to Southern white people? s dissatisfaction, who had grown up believing that black people were inferior to them. P lantations still needed to be worked and so for the first clip of all time, black people were paid for their work, nevertheless, the rewards were really low. Due to the fact that many liberated slaves had no other accomplishments and no fiscal security, a big per centum returned to the plantations. The Logan household was really lucky to hold their ain land. The Avery? s were a typical household? sharecropping? on a plantation. The narrative of how the Logan? s acquired their land is told by Big Ma in chapter four. Equally small as five old ages after the terminal of the American Civil War, black people were get downing to be treated as animate beings once more. Many Torahs that made black people equal were rejected and reversed. The Ku Klux Klan was a secret administration dedicated to reconstructing white high quality. Black people, whether they were old, immature, male or female were subjected to a great trade of hatred. They were lynched, so either burnt alive, castrated, blinded with hot fire hooks or decapitated, or possibly a mixture of each. The American authorities did non make anything to halt these atrociousnesss ; they went on without consent or test. An illustration of this in the book is when Mr Morrison Tells of how his household was killed by? dark work forces? in chapter seven. Into the 20th century, black people continued to be bullied by the Whites. By the mid 1930? s, the state of affairs was at an all clip high. Segregation was a characteristic of mundane life, segregation meant black people were separated from white people, for illustration separate public lavatories were constructed. Besides, America was hit by an economic depression, doing cotton monetary values to fall. ? Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry? , is set during this clip. In this essay, I am taking to discourse the factors that made the black communities of America so typical from the white. I will be closely mentioning to the book? Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry? by Mildred D. Taylor. The chief characteristics I am traveling to concentrate upon in this essay are how black households are really strong and near, how the black community is strong, the racialist events in the book and eventually how the black community trades with racism on a whole. ? Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry? , is set in the nineteen-thirties and is about the Logan household, a black household life is Mississippi. The household comprises of Big Ma, David Logan? s female parent, David and Mary Logan and four their kids, Little Man, Christopher-John, Cassie and Stacey. They live in a house on their ain land, which was bought from a white adult male after bondage was abolished. The book is told from Cassie? s point of position. This is a really of import factor of the book, because as the narrative opens up to her, it opens up to the reader. Cassie is eight old ages old, she is at the phase in her life where she starts inquiring inquiries about things such as racism and bondage, and hence, as it is explained to her, it is explained to us. An illustration of this is in chapter five, when Mary explains to Cassie about why black people are victimised. From the beginning of the book, it is clear that the Logan household is non really affluent. I get this feeling on the really first page, from the fact that the black kids are have oning their Sunday apparels to school. This suggests that they have a limited scope of apparels. On the first twenty-four hours of term, the kids are sent to school looking really smart, but so travel to school in lacerate old apparels the remainder of the twelvemonth. This is an highly of import characteristic because it shows that they have regard for the instruction system. Besides, they have to walk to school, instead than acquire a coach because the school can non afford one. However Jefferson Davis High have a to the full working coach that picks all the white kids up before school and takes them place after. However, the kids walk for two hours, determined non to allow the white kids? s mockeries get to them. The Great Faith Elementary School itself is a conditions beaten hut, which is funded by the Great Faith Church, the black community? s church. This shows that the black community attempts to give their kids the best instruction they can no count how much of a battle. It may besides be grounds to propose that the black community does non wish to owe the white people anything, or it may be merely that white people refuse to assist them in any manner, form or signifier. The county adequately financess the school for the white kids. The black school has to accept books that have been used by the white school, this is corrupting and mortifying for the kids and particularly Mrs Logan, who is a instructor at Great Faith. When Mrs Logan expresses her disgust sing the 2nd manus books, a white board of managers finally fires her. All of this is grounds of all the adversity and bias that the black community has to cover with. The black community endures this intervention because they will non be belittled by the white people. They try to demo their strength to the white people whatever the fortunes. They stand together as one, back uping each other through midst and thin. Evidence of this is when Mr Berry and his nephews are burnt by racialists, Big Ma acts as a community physician, making whatever she can to assist. Possibly this besides shows that black people do non desire aid from white people due to the racism that they incur from them. After the Berry? s combustion, the black people do non straight revenge with physical force because if they did, they would hold no backup from the jurisprudence and would about surely be executed. So alternatively, the Logans try to get down a boycott of a shop owned by the Sir william wallaces, a white household. Black boycotting of white shops was rather common in the 1930? s because it did non affect direct struggle, put on the lining being lynched. However, in th is instance, the Sir william wallaces find out who is responsible for the boycott and endanger the Logans. This would hold been peculiarly worrying for them, as any such stirring of problem would add to the already tense relationship between the races. The Logans are a close household, who is lucky plenty to have their ain land. Large Ma in chapter four tells the narrative of how they own the land. This is besides an of import characteristic of the black community because it shows that the older members of the household base on balls narratives down to the younger members by word of oral cavity. Large Ma tells the peculiar narrative about how they have their land proudly, because it was really uncommon for black people to have their ain land and for a white individual to sell them the land in the first topographic point. More grounds that the Logans are strong, in the sense that they stick together, is that even though the kids? s male parent has been off so long, he still comes place to a warm response from the whole household. The black community on a whole is really strong ; everybody looks out for each other. Evidence of this is when Joe Avery calls on the Logans to warn them that? They? re ridin? tonight? mentioning to a pack of racialists that went out at dark and killed unsuspicious black people that had been stirring up problem, merely like the Logans. This is how Mr Morrison? s household was killed when he was a kid. Further grounds to back up the strength of the community is when Mrs Logan goes to the Berry? s house with nutrient because of Mr Berry being burnt by racialists. Even when they are short of money, the Logans manage to save some nutrient for those less fortunate than themselves. One major event of the book comes at the terminal when TJ is about to be beaten to decease. Papa comes up with a manner to salvage TJ without physical struggle. He sets fire to his ain cotton, so to turn the work forces? s attending from TJ to seting the fire out. Sing how financially unstable the Logans were, I think this shows immense community spirit. Turning up in a household that owns its ain land, Cassie was a spot na? ve sing racism. This was no mistake of her ain ; her household had intelligibly protected their kids from racism. However, when Cassie began to savor the existent universe, it was highly scaring. An event in the book that illustrates this is the trip to Strawberry in chapter five. When Large Ma is off, the kids go into the mercantile and inquire for what they need. Midway through functioning them, the storeowner begins to function a white lady. At first Cassie finds this apprehensible because the adult female is an grownup, but as clip goes by, they realise that he is functioning a immature white miss no older than Cassie. This confuses Cassie and she shouts at the storeowner, pulling much attending from other shoppers. This turns Cassie? s full universe upside down, no thirster was she in a cozy universe, where everybody was equal, and she experienced the rough universe for the first clip. In response to this ev ent, Cassie? s female parent decided to explicate what the universe was like. I think this must hold been lay waste toing and confounding for Cassie. She says at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, ? No twenty-four hours in all my life had of all time been every bit barbarous as this one? . The black people deal with racism by disregarding it, which I think, is outstanding sing all the inhuman treatment that they were subjected to. No direct physical revenge came from the black people because in the nineteen-thirties, constabularies were constantly racialist, so the black people did non hold the jurisprudence on their side. If any struggle had resulted in the decease of a white individual, a black individual could anticipate to be put on the concatenation pack or even hung. Another factor, which is important about the book, is that non all the white people are racist and non all the black people are guiltless and wrongfully accused of things. Jeremy Simms is a white male child, who has been friends with the white kids for every bit long as they could retrieve. He had continually met the black kids at the hamlets in the forenoon, and met them there at dark. Jeremy is an castaway in the white community, due to his friendly relationship with the Logans. He is bullied by his household and his chap students, yet still makes an attempt to run into them, even though the feeling is non wholly common. Another important illustration is TJ Avery, a black kid who from the beginning of the book, seems to hunger attending and control over conversations. I think Taylor put this contrast of personalities in the book because she wanted to demo that everybody is different. I think that it is a shame that realistically, the strong bond in the black community likely came approximately through racism. They had no 1 but each other to look out for them and so they had to be near to last. I don? t think they should hold been abused and bullied for being black, I think a batch could hold been learnt from them. Mildred Taylor was an African American writer, who grew up in Southern USA she was born after the clip in which her book was supposed to be set. Just like Cassie, she grew up with narratives being passed down from her grandparents of her heritage and about the history of her household. The narratives about how her ascendants were strong and stood up to unfavorable judgment and ridicule from white people contradicted the histories she had read in text editions, in them, she was led to believe that black people, no affair how severely treated, accepted their lives. So, she decided to state the existent narrative of the predicament of the black people to the universe. 36f